International Geological Journal - Official Journal of the Carpathian-Balkan Geological Association

Titanite composition and SHRIMP U–Pb dating as indicators of post-magmatic tectono-thermal activity: Variscan I-type tonalites to granodiorites, the Western Carpathians

Published: Dec 2019

Pages: 449 - 470

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/geoca-2019-0026

Authors: PAVEL UHER, IGOR BROSKA, EWA KRZEMIŃSKA, MARTIN ONDREJKA, TOMÁŠ MIKUŠ, TOMÁŠ VACULOVIČ

Abstract: Titanite belongs to the common accessory minerals in Variscan (~ 360–350 Ma) metaluminous to slightly peraluminous tonalites to granodiorites of I-type affinity in the Tatric and Veporic Units, the Western Carpathians, Slovakia. It forms brown tabular prismatic-dipyramidal crystals (~ 0.5 to 10 mm in size) in association with quartz, plagioclase, and biotite. Titanite crystals commonly shows oscillatory, sector and convolute irregular zonal textures, reflecting mainly variations in Ca and Ti versus Al (1–2 wt. % Al2O3, 0.04–0.08 Al apfu), Fe (0.6–1.6 wt. % Fe2O3, 0.02–0.04 Fe apfu), REE (La to Lu + Y; ≤ 4.8 wt. % REE2O3, ≤  0.06 REE apfu), and Nb (up to 0.5 wt. % Nb2O5, ≤ 0.01 Nb apfu). Fluorine content is up to 0.5 wt. % (0.06 F apfu). The compositional variations indicate the following principal substitutions in titanite: REE3+ + Fe3+ = Ca2+ + Ti4+, 2REE3+ + Fe2+ = 2Ca2+ + Ti4+, and (Al, Fe)3+ + (OH, F) = Ti4+ + O2−. The U–Pb SHRIMP dating of titanite reveal their Variscan ages in an interval of 351.0 ± 6.5 to 337.9 ± 6.1 Ma (Tournaisian to Visean); titanite U–Pb ages are thus ~ 5 to 19 Ma younger than the primary magmatic zircon of the host rocks. The Zr-in-titanite thermometry indicates a relatively high temperature range of titanite precipitation (~ 650–750 °C), calculated for assumed pressures of 0.2 to 0.4 GPa and a(TiO2) = 0.6–1.0. Consequently, the textural, geochronological and compositional data indicate relatively high-temperature, most probably early post-magmatic (subsolidus) precipitation of titanite. Such titanite origin could be connected with a subsequent Variscan tectono-thermal event (~ 340 ± 10 Ma), probably related with younger small granite intrusions and/or increased fluid activity. Moreover, some titanite crystals show partial alteration and formation of secondary titanite (depleted in Fe and REE) + allanite-(Ce) veinlets (Sihla tonalite, Veporic Unit), which probably reflects younger Alpine (Cretaceous) tectono-thermal overprint of the Variscan basement of the Western Carpathians.

Keywords: titanite, I-type granites, Zr-in-titanite thermometry, LA–ICP–MS analyses, SHRIMP U–Pb dating, Western Carpathians

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