International Geological Journal - Official Journal of the Carpathian-Balkan Geological Association

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TYPICAL CLAY MINERAL ASSOCIATIONS FROM GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS IN HUNGARY. A REVIEW OF RECENT INVESTIGATIONS

Published: Apr 2002

Pages: 65 - 69

Authors: ISTVAN VICZIAN

Abstract: In this review some typical formations are listed according to tectonic units and in a stratigraphic order. Results achieved in the last years are specially emphasized. In the Mecsek Mts Middle Triassic marly dolomites contain corrensite. There is only illite and some illite/smectite depending on diagenetic grade in the Liassic limestones. In the Toarcian manganese ores at Urkut (Trandanubian Range) typical chemical sedimentation and diagenesis produced an assemblage of celadonite and nontronite. In the Lower Cretaceous sandstones and marls of Gerecse Mts a corrensite-rich association could be derived from ophiolitic sources. In thick clastic detrital sequences of Paleogene and Neogene basins mixed-layer illite/smectites display diagenetic transition toward illite depending on depth, temperature, rate of subsidence and subsequent tectonism. In Pliocene and Quaternary basaltic craters of W Transdanubia bentonites consist of iron-rich beidellites. Red clays contain disordered kaolinite-bearing and a smectite(+vermiculite)-bearing units. At Visonta high charge beidellites were found. Paleontological and mineralogical records agree well in the fresh and paleosol layers of loess. In the clay fraction of Recent soils, chernozems are characterized by illite, brown forest soils, humic gleys and salt affected soils by more smectite-rich associations.

Keywords: Hungary, diagenesis, paleosols, loess, carbonate rocks, claystones, red clays, clay minerals

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Volume 53 no. 2 / April 2002

Volume 53 no. 2