GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA
, DECEMBER 2017, 68, 6, 517–529
doi: 10.1515/geoca-2017-0034
www.geologicacarpathica.com
Microbiostratigraphy of the Berriasian–Valanginian
boundary in eastern Crimea: foraminifers, ostracods,
organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts
YULIYA N. SAVELIEVA
1
,
OLGA V. SHUREKOVA
1
, ANNA A. FEODOROVA
1
,
VLADIMIR V. ARKADIEV
2
, VLADIMIR A. GRISHCHENKO
3
,
ANDREI YU.GUZHIKOV
3
and ALEKSEY G. MANIKIN
3
1
AO “Geologorazvedka”, Fayansovaya str. 20/10, 192019 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
julia-savelieva7@mail.ru; o.antonen@gmail.com; annafedoroff@yandex.ru;
2
Saint-Petersburg State University, University emb., 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; arkadievvv@mail.ru
3
Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
grishenko-vladimir@bk.ru; aguzhikov@yandex.ru; agmanikin@mail.ru
(Manuscript received February 10, 2017; accepted in revised form September 28, 2017)
Abstract: Thorough study of foraminifers, ostracods and dinoflagellate remnants from the Zavodskaya Balka and
Koklyuk sections helps to characterize the detailed biostratigraphic division of the Berriasian / Valanginian boundary
sequence in the Feodosiya district of eastern Crimea. The foraminifer and dinocyst associations from the lower part of the
sequence are clearly comparable with common Berriasian associations throughout all Mountain Crimea.
On the other hand, foraminifer, ostracod and dinocyst associations from its upper part have been recorded only in eastern
Crimea. The upper foraminifer level corresponds to the boreal ammonite zones from the Tauricum–Verrucosum (Upper
Berriasian–Valanginian). Most of the ostracod species are endemic. The base of the uppermost dinocyst level correlates
with the Lower Valanginian Paratollia zone from north-western Europe.
Keywords: Eastern Crimea, Berriasian, Valanginian, biostratigraphy, foraminifers, ostracods, organic-walled dino-
flagellate cysts.
Introduction
The Berriasian–Valanginian boundary in the Mediterranean
region is currently established at the base of the Thurmanni
ceras pertransiens ammonite zone (Reboulet et al. 2014).
Eastern Crimea is one of the areas where there are uninter-
rupted Berriasian–Valanginian sections that can be found on
the surface. The authors of this paper prepared a bio- and mag-
netostratigraphic study of the sections “Zavodskaya Balka”
and “Koklyuk Mountain” in Eastern Crimea (Fig.1) to make
a more precise biostratigraphical scheme that can be corre-
lated with Tethyan or Boreal standards. Parts of the magneto-
stratigraphic and ammonite data from these sections were
already published earlier (Arkadiev et al. 2016). The present
paper summarizes foraminifera, ostracoda, and dinocyst data
from the studied sections. The investigation of nannofossils in
the framework of this project was not planned.
Geological setting
The Berriasian–Valanginian boundary sediments in eastern
Crimea are represented by monotonous grey clays with rare
intercalations of marls and limestones. In the studied sections
of Eastern Crimea the standard ammonite zones of Jacobi,
Occitanica and Boissieri have been demonstrated by Bogdanova
et al. (1999); Arkadiev et al. (2012) and Reboulet et al. (2014).
The upper part of the Occitanica zone locally can be assigned
to the Dalmasiceras tauricum subzone. The Boissieri zone is
divided into local subzones of Neocosmoceras euthymi,
Risanites crassicostatum and Berriasella callisto according to
the results of Arkadiev et al. (2015b, 2017). Data on the loca-
tions of the studied sections (Fig.1) and on the geological
settings has been presented in Arkadiev et al. (2017, this
volume: Location of the studied sections).
Methods
54 samples (0.5 kg on the average) have been investigated
in the course of micropalaeontological analysis. The samples
for micropalaeontology were processed with the standard
extraction technique for foraminifera and ostracods.
The palynological samples were processed with the use of
standard HF/HCl acid preparation method. The foraminifers
were identified by A. Feodorova, ostracods by Y. Savelieva
and palynomorphs by O. Shurekova. Ostracods were photo-
graphed under electronic scanning microscope (Botanical
Institute and Palaeontological Institute of the Russian Academy
of Science (BIN RAN and PIN RAN)), dinocysts — under
light microscope. Foraminifer and ostracod collections
as well as palynological slides are kept at the Petroleum
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SAVELIEVA, SHUREKOVA, FEODOROVA, ARKADIEV, GRISHCHENKO, GUZHIKOV and MANIKIN
GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA
, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529
Geology Department of the AO “Geologorazvedka”, Saint-
Petersburg, Russia.
Biostratigraphy
The term “Beds” is used for the subdivision of the sediments
on the basis of foraminifera, ostracods and dinocysts. It is
an auxiliary biostratigraphic unit (Zhamoida 2006) and is
used according to similar principles as “assemblage zones”
(Salvador 2013). These sediments contain the remains of
organisms or are composed of them, but do not meet the
requirements of the biostratigraphic zone (justification of the
lower and upper boundaries and their traceability in other sec-
tions). The name of the “beds” is taken from the most charac-
teristic taxon within the range provided — since it has either
FAD (First Appearance Datum), LAD (Last Appearance
Datum) or acme within the interval.
Foraminifers:
They are mostly in good or satisfactory states of preserva-
tion and were encountered in all samples. Beds with Textularia
crimica – Belorussiella taurica were revealed in the Koklyuk
section (sample 3030-8 – sample 3030-24) (Fig.2). Two
foraminifer assemblages may be distinguished by the changes
of taxonomic composition and quantitative charac teristics
within the occurrences of the beds: Quadratina tunassica and
Lenticulina macrodisca. Those assemblages were described in
detail during examination of the Zavodskaya Balka (Arkadiev
et al. 2015b).
The assemblage with Quadratina tunassica was revealed in
the Koklyuk section (sample 3030-8 – sample 3030-12).
Beside the index species — Quadratina tunassica, Textularia
crimica, Belorussiella taurica — the assemblage is peculiar
for domination of representatives of the Dentalina and
Haplophragmoides genera and of the Epistominidae family.
The assemblage comprises a number of Late Tithonian to
Valanginian species and species characteristic only of the
Berriasian: Verneuilina angularis, Pseudosaracenaria trun
cata, Q. (Tristix) tunassica, B. taurica. An assemblage with
Q. tunassica was encountered earlier in the lower part of the
Zavodskaya Balka section in association with Neocosmoceras
euthymi (Arkadiev et al. 2015b) and in сentral Crimea jointly
with ammonites from the Dalmasiceras tauricum subzone
(Savelieva et al. 2014). In the Koklyuk section, an assemblage
with Q. tunassica was encountered in association with
Boissieri zone ammonites.
The assemblage with Lenticulina macrodisca was distin-
guished in the Koklyuk section (sample 3030-14 – sample
3030-24) from the presence of numerous specimens of index
species. The assemblage is peculiar for domination of aggluti-
nating benthos, a great number of primitive forms, relatively
meagre diversity and dwarfism in the representatives of the
Planularia and Lenticulina genera.
Earlier investigations have shown the beds with Textularia
crimica – Belorussiella taurica in Crimea to correlate with the
uppermost part of the Grandis subzone of the Jacobi zone and
with the Occitanica and Boissieri zones (Feodorova 2004;
Arkadiev et al. 2015a). Ammonites from the Euthymi subzone
were encountered in the Koklyuk section, at the level of occur-
rence of the assemblage with Lenticulina macrodisca.
An assemblage with Lenticulina andromede has been dis-
covered in the Zavodskaya Balka section (sample
3058-1 – sample 3058-17). Agglutinating benthos dominates,
the assemblage, which is peculiar for the presence of nume-
rous L. andromede. The greatest species diversity is recorded
among Nodosariidae (Astacolus, Lenticulina, Pseudo
nodosaria). There are large species of Epistominidae but poor
preservation. Several specimens of Orthokarstenia aff.
fenestralis have also been discovered. The first occurrences of
Orthokarstenia genus representatives are recorded in the
Valanginian from the East European Platform and Crimea
(Bystrova 1990; Kuznetsova & Gorbatchik 1985). The assem-
blage with L. andromede was recognized earlier in сentral
Crimea (Savelieva et al. 2014) within sediments comprising
beds with T. crimica – B. taurica, since it has similar species
composition at the level of the representatives of the Astacolus,
Dentalina, Lenticulina, Pseudonodosaria genera. In the
Zavod skaya Balka from eastern Crimea, however, the
L. andromede assemblage comprises solitary specimens of
other genera of the Nodosariidae and Epistominidae families
(Arkadiev et al. 2015b). Moreover, the presence of
Orthokarstenia and the lack of index-species T. crimica, B.
taurica prevent direct correlations of the assemblages with
Nasypnoe
Yuzhnoe
Feodosia
Nanikovo
Otva
noe
zh
Kl u hevoe
y
Nasypnoe
Site 3030
Site 3058
3.5 km
Black Sea
Peninsula of Crimea
Azov Sea
Black Sea
Sevastopol
Evpatoria
Simferopol
Alushta
Alupka
Feodosia
Kerch
A
B
N
0
50 km
25
45 00'
34 00'
45 00'
34 00'
N
Fig. 1. Location chart of the examined sections. A — Location of
studied area; В — Location of Berriasian/Valanginian studied out-
crops (3030 – Koklyuk section, 3058 – Zavodskaya Balka section)
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MICROBIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BERRIASIAN–VALANGINIAN BOUNDARY IN EASTERN CRIMEA
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, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529
Boissieri
Zone
Samples
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
28
31
34
37
40
43
46
49
52
55
58
61
64
Substage
Berriasian
Valanginian
67
70
?
Lower
Upper
,
L. trilobitomorpha H. vocontianus
,
T.crimica B.taurica
.
.,
L trilobit
.
.
H vocont
Beds with foraminifers
- Lingulina trilobitomorpha
- Lenticulina ouachensis
.
,
Ling trilobitomorpha
Lenticulina busnardoi
- 1-10
Persentage of species in samples:
Lenticulina
aquilonica
cf.
Lenticulina
neocomina
ex gr.
Lenticulina nuda
Lenticulina muensteri
Lenticulina ambanjabensis
* .
.,
L tri
L.ou.
Quadr.
.
tunass
Lenticulina
macrodisca
Ramulina spinata
Quadratina
tunassica
(Tristix)
Falsopalmula costata
Rhizammina indivisa
Marginulinita pyramidalis
Hoglundina ex gr. caracolla
Discorbis crimicus
Planularia madagascariensis
Belorussiella taurica
Dentalina communis
Spirillina kubleri
Dentalina nana
Glomospirella
gaultina
ex gr.
Lenticulina ex gr. macra
Conorbina miser
Saracenaria compacta
Pseudosaracenaria truncata
Ammodiscus cretaceus
Ataxophragmiidae
Pseudonodosaria humilis
Lenticulina macrodisca
Globospirillina neocomina
Hormosinelloides
guttus
?
Ramulina aculeata
aff.
Lenticulina
akmetchetica
Lenticulina
nodosa
cf.
Lenticulina
ndromede minima
aff. a
Lenticulina macra
Spirillina
minima
aff.
Vaginulinopsis neopachynota
spp.
Vaginulinopsis
Astacolus calliopsis
Astacolus gibber
Astacolus hamililis
Astacolus incurvatus
Citharina
flexuosa
ex gr.
Astacolus laudatus
Astacolus ex gr. mutilatus
Dentalina marginuloides
"Dentalina" solute
Astacolus proprius
Frondicularia complexa
Frondicularia crimica
Lenticulina
subalata
ex gr.
Lenticulina praegaultina
Nodosaria paupercula
Haplophragmoides ustjurticus
Astacolus ambanjabensis
Haplophragmoides vocontianus
Lingulina trilobitomorpha
Haplophragmium elongatum
Dorothia kummi
Lenticulina
nimbifera
ex gr.
Lenticulina
guttata
ex gr.
Lenticulina eichenbergi
Lenticulina ouachensis
Dorothia
zedlerae
aff.
Recurvoides
paucus
ex gr.
Gaudryina neocomica
Lenticulina busnardoi
Glomospira charoides
Dorothia
oxycona var. elongate
ex gr.
Dorothia praeoxycona
Tolypammina sp. 1
Orthokarstenia fenestralis
- 10-20
-
50
<
* .
.
L tri
L.ou.
Astacolus planiusculus
Trochammina neocomiana
- regular
- episodic
Foraminifera assemblage
Stage
Fig. 2. Distribution of foraminifers from the Berriasian–Valanginian of the Koklyuk section (site 3030). Index species are in bold.
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, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529
Lenticulina andromede from central and eastern Crimea.
Therefore, in this paper the assemblage is considered sepa-
rately and not within the beds with T. crimica – B. taurica.
Ammonites from the Riasanites crassicostatum subzone have
been encountered in the Zavodskaya Balka in the upper part of
the assemblage with L. andromede.
Beds with Lingulina trilobitomorpha and Haplo
phragmoides vocontianus have been recorded in the
Zavodskaya Balka (sample 3058-20 – sample 3058-51) and
Koklyuk sections (sample 3030-28 – sample 3030-69). This
biostraton was earlier recognized as an assemblage with fora-
minifers in the Zavodskaya Balka (Arkadiev et al. 2015b).
The new data from an additional section have made it possible
to widen its description and to advance it to the rank of beds.
Over 130 species from 33 foraminifer genera have been speci-
fied in the complex. The assemblage is peculiar for the highest
species diversity among Nodosariidae (Astacolus, Dentalina,
Lenticulina, Pseudonodosaria). Representatives of Haplo
phragmoides, Haplophragmium and Recurvoides genera are
subdominant. Increased numbers of the species and specimens
of Dorothia, Gaudryina and Verneuilinoides genera are obser-
ved in the assemblage. The principal association is composed
of the species first encountered in the uppermost part of the
Berriasian and developed mostly in the Valanginian:
Lenticulina saxonica, L. guttata, L. busnardoi, Conorboides
hofkeri. Some species known since the Valanginian also occur:
H. vocontianus, H. ustjurticus, Gaudryina alternans, Dorothia
pseudocostata, L. trilobitomorpha, L. nodosaria, Lenticulina
lideri, O. fenestralis and others. Those comprise the index
species of the L. trilobitomorpha, H. vocontianus Zone,
specified by T. N. Gorbatchik for the Valanginian sediments of
the Crimea. Finds of Valanginian ammonites Neocomites
neocomiensis are known from that level (Druschits &
Gorbatchik 1979; Kuznetsova & Gorbatchik 1985; Azbel’ et
al. 1991). Analysis of the taxonomic and quantitative compo-
sitions of benthic foraminifers have shown that within the
beds with Lingulina trilobitomorpha – Haplophragmoides
vocontianus in the Koklyuk section (sample 3030-28 – sample
3030-69), three assemblages may be specified, with one of
those traceable in the Zavodskaya Balka section as well.
The first assemblage, with Lingulina trilobitomorpha –
Haplophragmoides vocontianus (sample 3030-28 – sample
3030-40), is peculiar for its wide species diversity of
Ataxophragmiidae and simple Lituоlidae. The second assem-
blage, with Lingulina trilobitomorpha – Lenticulina busnardoi
(sample 3030-43 – sample 3030-64 and sample 3058-20 –
sample 3058-51), with relatively depleted taxonomic compo-
sition, is peculiar for the presence of several agglutinating
genera, Dorothia and Gaudryina, and a few secreting species,
mostly Lenticulina, represented by solitary specimens.
Ammonites of the B. callisto subzone were encountered in the
Zavodskaya Balka at the level of that assemblage occurrence.
In the uppermost part of the study interval, the third assem-
blage with Lingulina trilobitomorpha – Lenticulina ouachensis
(sample 3030-67 – sample 3030-69) is determined. It is
peculiar for expanded species and quantitative compositions,
and for the appearance of numerous specimens of
L. ouachensis and Dorothia aff. zedlerae, which is characte-
ristic of the Tethyan beds in the interval of the Otopeta –
Verrucosum ammonite subzones (Reboulet et al. 2014).
The foraminifer species encountered in the Berriasian–
Valanginian boundary interval are known from Crimea, the
Caucasus, Caspian Region, Pechora Region, Siberia,
Atlantic, Germany, France and Madagascar (Espitalie & Sigal
1963; Kuznetsova & Seibold 1978; Mjatlyuk 1980;
Kuznetsova & Gorbatchik 1985; Azbel’ et al. 1991; Ogg et al.
2012, etc.).
Ostracods:
They were encountered in practically all the samples from
the examined sections. Shells are generally well preserved.
Beds with Robsoniella obovata – Robsoniella longa have been
established in the Zavodskaya Balka (sample 3058-1 – sample
3058-51) and Koklyuk sections (sample 3030-16 – sample
3030-69). The lower boundary of the beds is determined from
the appearance of the index species. On the whole, over 80
species from 29 genera have been found in the assemblage,
many of them new (Fig. 3). Robsoniella and Bairdia dominate
among the smooth forms, Eucytherura among the sculptured
ones. There are also many Sigillium, Loxoella and
Cytheropteron. The most characteristic species are:
Robsoniella longa, R. obovata, R. minima, Sigillium pro
cerum, Bairdia sp.1, B. ex gr. luminosa, Paracypris caerulea,
P. sp. 1, Loxoella variealveolata, Eucytherura ardescae,
E. soror, E. paula, Hemicytherura moorei, Procytherura?
baculumbajula, Cytheropteron sp. 4, Acrocythere alexandrae.
The majority of species have been previously known mostly
from the Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian–Aptian) from Mountain
Crimea, the Caucasus, Central Asia, England, France and
Germany (Neale 1967; Babinot et al. 1985; Kolpenskaya
2000; Slipper 2009; Savelieva & Shurekova 2014, etc.).
In both sections, the studied assemblage is similar to the ostra-
cod complex from the R. obovata – R. longa beds. The com-
plex was recognized earlier in the Zavodskaya Balka, with the
volume of beds corresponding to the Boissieri zone (Arkadiev
et al. 2012, 2015b). The assemblage, enlarged via the new finds,
turned to be more diverse and to comprise a greater number of
specimens, especially from the uppermost of the Koklyuk
section. That has allowed us to extend the characteristics of
the beds. It was in the uppermost part of the Koklyuk section,
that the Hemicytherura moorei species was first discovered in
Crimea. The species has previously been described from the
Berriasian stratotype (Neale 1967) and later on determined in
the Lower Valanginian from central Poland (Kubiatowicz
1983) and in the Berriasian–Valanginian from France (upper-
most of the Grandis – Otopeta Standard Tethyan ammonite
subzones) (Babinot et al. 1985).
This assemblage is similar to those from the Klentnice
Tithonian(?) formation in the Czech Republic (Pokorny 1973)
— 13 common genera and 5 species, from the Berriasian stra-
totype in France (Ardèche) — 10 common genera and 2 spe-
cies, in total, 20 genera and 4 species from the Berriasian in
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5
1
6
9
2
3
7
10
13
14
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
28
24
25
26
27
11
15
16
12
8
4
30 m
30 m
50 m
50 m
50 m
50 m
50 m
50 m
30 m
30 m
30 m
30 m
30 m
30 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
Fig. 3. Ostracods from the Zavodskaya Balka (site 3058) and Koklyuk (site 3030) sections. Berriasian: Fauriella boissieri zone: Koklyuk — 2, 3,
4, 7, 9, 11, 16, 17, 26; Zavodskaya Balka — 1, 22. Neocosmoceras euthymi subzone: Koklyuk — 6, 8, 18, 21, 23, 25. Riasanites crassicostatum
subzone, Zavodskaya Balka — 20, 27. Lower Valanginian: Koklyuk — 5, 10, 12, 13, 15; Zavodskaya Balka — 14, 19, 24, 28. 1 — Cytherella
krimensis, No. 3058-4, right valve, lateral view; 2 — C. turgida, No. 3030-18, left valve, lateral view; 3 — Robsoniella longa, No. 3030-28,
carapace, right lateral view; 4 — R. obovata, No. 3030-31, carapace, right lateral view; 5 — R. minima, No. 3030-70, carapace, right lateral view;
6 — Sigillium procerum, No. 3030-24, carapace, right lateral view; 7 — Bairdia sp.1, No. 3030-14, carapace, right lateral view; 8 — B. sp.8,
No. 3030-24, carapace, right lateral view; 9 — B. ex gr. luminosa, No. 3030-31, carapace, right lateral view; 10 — Paracypris sp.1, No. 3030-43,
carapace, right lateral view; 11 — P. caerulea, No. 3030-20, carapace, left lateral view; 12 — Macrocypris? sp., No. 3030-61, carapace, left
lateral view; 13 — Cypridea sp.2, No. 3030-46, carapace, right lateral view; 14 — C. spinigera, No. 3058-51, carapace, right lateral view;
15 — Bythoceratina sp., No. 3030-46, left valve, lateral view; 16 — Eucytherura soror, No. 3030-12, right valve, lateral view; 17 — E. paula,
No. 3030-12, left valve, lateral view; 18 — E. ardescae, No. 3030-22, left valve, lateral view; 19 — Hemicytherura moorei, No. 3058-51, right
valve, lateral view; 20 — Protocytherura sp., No. 3058-36, left valve, lateral view; 21 — Cytheropteron sp.4, 3030-22, right valve, lateral view;
22 — Metacytheropteron sp., No. 3058-4, left valve, lateral view; 23 — Procytherura? baculumbajula, No. 3058-14, right valve, lateral view;
24 — Loxoella variealveolata, No. 3030 - 24, right valve, lateral view; 25 — Neocythere pyrena, No. 3058-48, right valve, lateral view;
26 —Vocontiana? sp., No. 3030-2, right valve, lateral view; 27 — Acrocythere alexandrae, No. 3030-20, left valve, lateral view;
28 — Gen. sp. 9, No. 3058-51, left valve, lateral view.
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France; from the basal Valanginian in the Berriasian stratotype
region (France, Ardèche) — 10 genera and 5 species (Babinot
et al. 1985), from the Berriasian of the North Caucasus
(Kolpenskaya 2000) — 10 common genera and 3 species.
On the whole, the ostracod assemblage from the Zavodskaya
Balka and Koklyuk sections is of Upper Berriasian–Valan-
ginian composition.
Palynomorphs:
Practically all the examined samples comprise spores, pollen
and microphytoplankton (dinoflagellate cysts, rare acritarchs
and green algae). Classopollis spp. pollen is dominant among
palynomorphs: from 70 % in the lower parts of both sections,
down to 30 % in the uppermost parts. The ave rage number of
dinoflagellate cysts makes 45 % (from 13 to 74 %).
Organicwalled dinoflagellate cysts:
50 species of organic-walled dinocysts have been found in
samples from the Zavodskaya Balka section, over 90 species
from the Koklyuk section (Figs. 4, 5, 6). Three beds with dino-
cysts have been recognized on the basis of the microphyto-
plankton occurrence analysis. The following are the permanent
members of the assemblages from all three beds: Phoberocysta
neocomica, Hystrichodinium pulchrum, Circulodinium dis
tinctum, Ctenidodinium elegantulum, Downiesphaeridium
iaculigerum, Scriniodinium campanula, Kleithriasphaeridium
eoinodes, Prolixosphaeridium spp., Wrevittia helicoidea,
Dapsilidinium warrenii.
Beds with Phoberocysta neocomica have been established
in the Koklyuk (sample 3030-4 – sample 3030-31) and
Zavodskaya Balka sections (sample 3058-4 – sample 3058-11).
The lower boundary of the beds is recorded from the
appea rance of a characteristic assemblage with Phoberocysta
neocomica. The upper boundary in the Koklyuk section corre-
sponds to the bottom of the overlying beds with Pseudoceratium
pelliferum, and in the Zavodskaya Balka section the boundary
is marked from the last occurrence of Egmontodinium tory
num and Tehamadinium aff. daveyi. The beds complex is
peculiar for domination of Cometodinium habibii and
Systematophora areolata. Beside these taxa, the following
ones have been determined: Amphorula spp. (A. expirata,
A. dodekovae, A. metaelliptica), Achomosphaera neptunii,
Chytroeisphaeridia chytroeides, Egmontodinium torynum,
Tubotuberella spp., Muderongia spp. (M. simplex, M. longi
corna, M. tomaszowensis, M. endovata, Muderongia simplex
subsp. microperforata), Systematophora spp. (S. palmula,
S.? daveyi, S. palmula/daveyi), Wallodinium cylindricum.
Among the solitary or rare ones: Dichadogonyaulax culmula,
Hystrichodinium voigtii, Hystrichosphaerina? orbifera,
Valensiella ovulum, Atopodinium haromense, Chlamydo
phorella sp., Dissiliodinium sp., Tanyosphaeridium spp.,
Teha madinium aff. daveyi. Species of Spiniferites ex gr.
ramosus appear and become a permanent species in the termi-
nal part of the beds in the Koklyuk section.
The last occurrence of A. expirata in the Koklyuk section
coincides with finds of the Neocosmoceras euthymi
ammonites, designating the homonymous subzone that corre-
lates with the Paramimounum subzone of the Mediterranean
region (Reboulet et al. 2014). This level corresponds to the
A. expirata species disappearance from the Boreal regions, as
well (the boundary of the Runctoni and Kochi ammonite
zones) (Costa & Davey 1992). Disappearance of A. metaellip
tica, as well as reduced number and permanent presence of
M. longicorna are known from the Late Berriasian in the
Boreal region (the lowermost of the Icenii ammonite zone)
(Ogg et al. 2008). In the Tethys, this level corresponds to the
Picteti subzone (Ogg et al. 2008). On the whole, in terms of its
composition, the assemblage of the beds is similar to the com-
plex of the C and D subzones from the dinocyst Gochteodinia
villosa zone, specified in the Upper Berriasian from the Volga
basin (Kashpir section) (beds without ammonite characteris-
tics from the lowermost part of the Upper Berriasian in the
R. rjasanensis/S. spasskensis zone and the lowermost part of
the S. tzikwinianus zone) (Harding et al. 2011).
The earlier specified beds have been determined while
studying the Berriasian throughout Mountainous Crimea
(Arkadiev et al. 2012; 2015b; Savelieva et al. 2014). In sum-
mary, the beds correspond to the Tauricum subzone of the
Occitanica zone (central and south-western Crimea) and to the
Boissieri zone (eastern, central and south-western Crimea)
(Shurekova 2016).
Beds with Pseudoceratium pelliferum were established in
the Koklyuk section (sample 3030-34 – sample 3030-40).
The lower boundary is drawn from the appearance of
Ps. pelliferum, Dingodinium spp. and Cymososphaeridium
vallidum. The upper boundary corresponds to the bottom of
the overlying beds with Oligosphaeridium spp. Besides
Ps. pelliferum, Dingodinium spp. (D. cerviculum, D.? spino
sum, D. sp.) and C. vallidum, the following species appear
here: Occisucysta tentoria, Cassiculosphaeridia magna,
Cassiculosphaeridia reticulata, Muderongia tetracantha,
M. mcwhaei forma B, Bourkidinium granulatum, Pluriarvalium
osmingtonense and Wallodinium krutzschii. Disappearing:
A. expirata, E. torynum, M. simplex, D. culmula, H.? orbifera,
V. ovulum, T. aff. daveyi. Dominant: S. areolata and Spiniferites
spp. (Sp. sp. and Sp. ex gr. ramosus). The number of represen-
tatives of the C. habibii species becomes insubstantial.
In the Zavodskaya Balka section (sample 3058-14 – sample
3058-36), a dinocyst assemblage of similar composition, with
Systematophora areolata and Tubotuberella spp., has been
determined; but it differs in the lack of a number of strati-
graphically important taxa, including the index species
Ps. pelliferum. Nevertheless, it is common in both assem-
blages that the last occurrence of Tubotuberella spp. and
S. areolata take place in the uppermost of the beds. We believe
that irrespective of the differences, the assemblage with
S. areolata and Tubotuberella spp., determined in the
Zavodskaya Balka section, and the assemblage of the beds
with Ps. pelliferum from the Koklyuk section are coeval.
The assemblage Ps. pelliferum is compositionally similar
to the Ps. pelliferum complex from the Upper Berriasian in
the Volga Basin (Kashpir section) (Harding et al. 2011).
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MICROBIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BERRIASIAN–VALANGINIAN BOUNDARY IN EASTERN CRIMEA
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, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529
boissieri
1b
1a
2
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
28
31
34
37
40
43
46
49
52
55
58
61
64
4
Prolixosphaeridium spp.
Spiniferites sp.
Circulodinium distinctum
Scriniodinium campanula
Phoberocysta neocomica
Amphorula expirata
Egmontodinium torynum
Ctenidodinium elegantulum
Dapsilidinium warrenii
Kleithriasphaeridium eoinodes
Atopodinium haromense
Systematophora? daveyi
Pilosidinium
Impletosphaeridium
sp.
sp.
/
Atopodinium prostatum
Apteodinium sp.
Wallodinium cylindricum
Kleithriasphaeridium corrugatum
Tehamadinium
daveyi
aff.
Amphorula dodekovae
Muderongia longicorna
Muderongia tomaszowensis
Amphorula metaelliptica
Muderongia endovata
Muderongia simplex
microperforata
subsp.
Systematophora palmula daveyi
/
Wallodinium krutzschii
Wallodinium lunum
Spiniferites
ramosus
ex gr.
Surculosphaeridium sp.
Athigmatocysta glabra
Kleithriasphaeridium porosispinum
Occisucysta tentoria
Dingodinium sp.
Pseudoceratium pelliferum
Cassiculosphaeridia magna
Dingodinium? spinosum
Cassiculosphaeridia reticulata
Cymososphaeridium vallidum
Muderongia tetracantha
Muderongia mcwhaei forma B
Systematophora palmula
Heslertonia sp.
Pluriarvalium osmingtonense
Nelchinopsis kostromiensis
Gonyaulacysta cladophora sensu Duxb.1977
Aprobolocysta pustulosa
Avellodinium falsificum
Oligosphaeridium diluculum
Cymososphaeridium sp. I Davey 1982
Gochteodinia virgula
Batioladinium ?gochtii
Systematophora areolata
Tubotuberella spp.
Achomosphaera neptunii
Dichadogonyaulax?pannea
Phoberocysta neocomica
Oligosphaeridium totum
Muderongia crucis
Batioladinium radiculatum
Hystrichodinium pulchrum
Bourkidinium granulatum
Gardodinium trabeculosum
Systematophora sp. II Davey 1982
Oligosphaeridium
spp.
Ps. pel-
liferum
67
70
Muderongia simplex
Oligosphaeridium albertense
Subtilisphaera sp.
Downiesphaeridium spp.
Cometodinium habibii
Oligosphaeridium complex
Callaiosphaeridium tricheryum
Dingodinium cerviculum
- -5%
0,5
-5-15%
Percentage of taxon
:
in sample
?
Beds with dinocysts
Number of samples
Ammonite zone
Stage
Substage
VALANGINIAN
BERRIASIAN
upper
lower
Fig. 4. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts from the Koklyuk section.
524
SAVELIEVA, SHUREKOVA, FEODOROVA, ARKADIEV, GRISHCHENKO, GUZHIKOV and MANIKIN
GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA
, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529
50 µ
1
2
3
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
4
8
Fig. 5. Dinoflagellate cysts from the Zavodskaya Balka section (site 3058). Berriasian: Fauriella boissieri zone: Neocosmoceras euthymi
subzone — 1–6, 8, 13, 16, 18, 20; Riasanites crassicostatum subzone — 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 22; Berriasella callisto subzone — 12, 21. Lower
Valanginian — 9, 19. 1, 2 — Muderongia simplex; 3, 4 — Muderongia longicorna; 5 — Cometodinium habibii; 6 — Egmontodinium torynum;
7, 8 — Phoberocysta neocomica; 9, 12 — Systematophora palmula; 10 — Prolixosphaeridium parvispinum; 11 — Kleithriasphaeridium
eoinodes; 13, 17 — Hystrichodinium pulchrum; 14 — Achomosphaera neptunii; 15 — Amphorula metaelliptica; 16 — Phoberocysta lowryi;
18 — Gochteodinia villosa subsp. multifurcata; 19 — Dapsilidinium warrenii; 20 — Ctenidodinium elegantulum; 21, 22 — Spiniferites ex gr.
ramosus. Samples: 1 — No. 3058-8; 2–6, 8, 13, 18, 20 — No. 3058-4; 7 — No. 3058-20; 9 — No. 3058-45; 10 — No. 3058-32;
11 — No. 3058-23; 12, 21 — No. 3058-39; 14 — No. 3058-14; 15, 17, 22 — No. 3058-36; 16 — No. 3058-11; 19 — No. 3058-51.
525
MICROBIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BERRIASIAN–VALANGINIAN BOUNDARY IN EASTERN CRIMEA
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, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529
50 µ
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
8
Fig 6. Dinoflagellate cysts from the Koklyuk section (site 3030). Berriasian: Fauriella boissieri zone — 4, 8, 12, 18, 20, 28, 34. Lower
Valanginian — 43, 49, 52, 61, 64. 1 — Cymososphaeridium vallidum; 2 — Gonyaulacysta cladophora; 3 — Muderongia tetracantha;
4 — Batioladinium radiculatum; 5 — Occisucysta tentoria; 6 — Pseudoceratium pelliferum; 7 — Cassiculosphaeridia reticulata;
8 — Amphorula metaelliptica; 9 — Oligosphaeridium diluculum; 10 — Systematophora? daveyi; 11 — Oligosphaeridium porosum;
12 — Dingodinium cerviculum; 13 — Muderongia endovata; 14 — Phoberocysta neocomica; 15, 22 — Tubotuberella apatela;
16 — Kleithriasphaeridium corrugatum; 17 — Batioladinium? gochtii; 18 — Gardodinium trabeculosum; 19 — Athigmatocysta glabra;
20 — Tehamadinium daveyi; 21 — Spiniferites ex gr. ramosus; 22 — Tubotuberella apatela; 23 — Nelchinopsis kostromiensis.
Samples: 1, 9, 11, 19, 23 — No. 3030-43; 2, 4, 5, 17 — No. 3030-61; 3, 7 — No. 34; 6, 12 — No. 3030-49; 8, 10 — No. 3030-20; 13, 16 — 52;
14 — No. 3030-8; 15 — No. 3030-4; 18 — No. 3030-64; 20 — No. 3030-12; 21 — No. 3030-28; 22 – No. 3030-18.
526
SAVELIEVA, SHUREKOVA, FEODOROVA, ARKADIEV, GRISHCHENKO, GUZHIKOV and MANIKIN
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, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529
The appearance of Ps. pelliferum is a stratigraphically impor-
tant event (Ogg et al. 2008). In the Boreal region, the species
appears at the same level: in the Volga basin (Kashpir section)
— in the middle part of the Tzikwinianus zone (Harding et al.
2011), and in north-western Europe (Costa & Davey 1992)
— in the Stenomphalus zone, which in the Tethys corresponds
to the basement of the Otopeta subzone (Ogg et al. 2008).
The M. mcwhaei forma B and C. vallidum species, appearing
in the Boreal region in the Albidum and Paratollia zones,
respectively (Costa & Davey 1992; Ogg et al. 2008), are
first encountered in the studied deposits synchronously with
Ps. pelliferum.
Beds with Oligosphaeridium spp. have been established in
the uppermost part of the Koklyuk section (sample 3030-43 –
sample 3030-67). The lower boundary is drawn according to
the appearance of Oligosphaeridium spp., Gonyaulacysta
cladophora sensu Duxbury 1977, Batioladinium? gochtii.
The upper boundary has not been determined. The following
taxa dominate here: Sp. ex gr. ramosus and Pilosidinium/
Impletosphaeridium sp. Appear: Oligosphaeridium spp.
(Ol. sp., Ol. complex, Ol. diluculum), Callaiosphaeridium
tricheryum, G. cladophora sensu Duxbury 1977, Aprobolocysta
pustulosa, Avellodinium falsificum, Subtilisphaera sp.,
Cymososphaeridium sp. I Davey 1982, Systematophora sp. II
Davey 1982, Gochteodinia virgulа, B.? gochtii, Gardodinium
trabeculosum, Nelchinopsis kostromiensis. Species inherited
from the previous assemblage occur permanently: Wallodinium
krutzschii, Ps. pelliferum, D. cerviculum, C. vallidum,
Occ. tentoria, Bourkidinium granulatum, Apteodinium sp.
Disappear Tubotuberella spp., D.? spinosum. Appearance of
the Ol. complex, G. cladophora, B.? gochtii in north-western
Europe is known from the Lower Valanginian Paratollia zone;
аnd appearance of N. kostromiensis — from the Polyptychites
zone (Costa & Davey 1992; Ogg et al. 2008). In the Volga
basin (Gorodishche and the Kashpir sections) the Ol. complex,
B.? gochtii and N. kostromiensis appear in the Lower
Valanginian where ammonites have not been found (Harding
et al. 2011).
Comparison of the taxonomic compositions of the dinocyst
assemblages reveals much greater similarity with the Boreal
coeval complexes than with the Tethyan ones. This may be
accounted for by considerable influence of the Boreal sea
over that area during the Berriasian–Valanginian time
(Baraboshkin 1999).
Conclusions
The micropalaeontological research on the continuous
Berriasian–Valanginian boundary sediments within the
Zavodskaya Balka and Koklyuk sections have made it possible
to establish beds with characteristic foraminifer, ostracod and
dinocyst assemblages (Fig. 7, 8). Analysis of foraminifers
from the Zavodskaya Balka and Koklyuk sections indicate
Fig.8
Koklyuk
section 3030
Koklyuk
section 3030
Lingulina trilobitomorpha
,
Haplophragmoides
vocontianus
Lingulina
trilobito-
morpha,
Haplophrag-
moides
vocontianus
Oligosphae-
ridium spp.
Robsoniella
obovata,
Robsoniella
longa
Phoberocysta
neocomica
Lenticulina
andromede
L. trilobito-
morpha,
H. vocontianus
L. trilobito-
morpha,
L. busnardoi
Lingulina
trilobito-
morpha,
Lenticulina
busnardoi
L trilobitomorpha
.
,
Lenticulina
ouachensis
Pseudoce-
ratium
pelliferum
Composite section
M16r
M16n
M15r
M15n
M14r
Stage
Subzone
Fauriella boissieri
Neocosmoceras euthymi
?
R. crassi
-
costatum
B.callisto
Polarity
chron
Polarity
Zone
V
alanginian
Berriasian
Beds with
Ostracods
Systemato-
phora
areolata,
Tubotube-
rella spp.
not
established
not
establi-
shed
Textularia
crimica,
Belorussiella
taurica
Lenticulina
macrodisca
Q.tunassica
Dinocysts
Assemblage
Assemblage
Assemblage
Beds
Beds
Beds
Beds
Foraminifers
Zavodskaya Balka
section 3058
Zavodskaya Balka
section 3058
Fig. 7. Biostratigraphic correlation of the Berriasian–Valanginian boundary in the Zavodskaya Balka and Koklyuk sections.
527
MICROBIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BERRIASIAN–VALANGINIAN BOUNDARY IN EASTERN CRIMEA
GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA
, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529
Koklyuk section 3030
Legend:
Samples
Ammonites
Lingulina trilobitomorpha
Haplophragmoides vocontianus(20-51)
Lingulina trilobitomorpha Haplo ,
-
(28- )
phragmoides vocontianus
69
L. trilobitomorpha
H. vocontianus
(28-40)
L.trilobito-
morpha L.
,
busnardoi
(43-64)
Oli
go
sp
hae
-
rid
iu
m s
pp
.
(4
3-6
4)
Foraminifers
Ammonites,
Aptychi,
Belemnites
Foraminifers
Beds with
Ostracods
Beds with
Ostracods
Beds
Beds
Assem-
blages
Assemblages
Robsoniella obovata
Robsoniella longa (1-51)
-
Q.tun.- Quadratina tunassica (10-12)
L.t., L.u. - Lingulina trilobitomorpha,
(67-69)
Lenticulina ouachensis
Textularia crimica, Beloru-
ssiella taurica
о
.8-24)
(
Lenticulina macro-
disca
14-24)
(о
.
Q.tun.
L.t,L.u.
Robsoniella obovata
Robsoniella longa (16-69)
-
(4-31)
Phoberocysta neocomica
Pse
ud
oc
era
-
tiu
mp
ell
ife
-
ru
m(
34
-4
0)
.
Ph neocomi-
ca
11
(4-
)
Systematophora areolata
(14-36)
Tubotuberella spp
Bedsand
as-
semblage with
dinocysts
Beds and as-
semblage with
dinocysts
Stage
Subzone
Polarity
Zone
Substage
Lithology
Fauriella boissieri
Fauriella boissieri
R.crassicostatum
B.
callisto
Berriasian
V alangi-
nian
Upper
Lower
0
5
10
m
Berriasella callisto
Riasanites crassicostatum
Zavodskaya Balka section 3058
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
V alanginian
Samples
Stage
Subzone
Zone
Substage
Lithology
Upper
Lower
2 1
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
28
31
34
37
40
43
58 55
52
49 46
64
60
61
Neocosmoceras euthymi
Pseudobelus cf. bipartitus
Lamellaptychus sp.
Occita-
nica?
Jacobi
Berriasian
Malbosiceras cf. malbosi, Berriasella sp., Fauri
ella cf. rarefurcata
Fauriella sp.
Berriasella subcallisto
Spiticeras orientale, Pseudosubplanites lorioli
?
Composite section
M16r
M16n
M15r
M15n
M14r
Stage
Subzone
Fauriella boissieri
Neocosmoceras euthymi
N. euthymi
?
R. crassiocostatum
B.callisto
Polarity
chron
Polarity
Zone
V alangi
-
nian
Berriasian
-1
-3
-4
-7
-2
-5
-9
-8
-6
Lingulina trilobitomorpha
Lenticulina busnardoi (20-51)
Lenticulina
andromede (1-17)
0
5
10
m
Fig. 8.
Correlation
of
Zavodskaya
Balka
and
Koklyuk
sections
on
the
bio-
and
magnetostratigraphic
data.
Legend:
1,
2
—
normal
and
reverse
geomagneti
c
polarity
, respectively
(in
half
of
the
column
thickness
–
tentative
determination
of
the
polarity
sign);
3
—
no
palaeomagnetic
data
available;
4
—
clays;
5
—
marl;
6
—
ankerite
and
siderite
intercalations;
7
—
ammonite
finds;
8, 9 — belemnite and aptychi finds, respectively
. Q.tun. -
Quadratina tunassica
(10–12); L.t., L.u. -
Lingulina trilobitomorpha
, Lenticulina ouachensis
(67–69); 10 –12 — number of sample.
528
SAVELIEVA, SHUREKOVA, FEODOROVA, ARKADIEV, GRISHCHENKO, GUZHIKOV and MANIKIN
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, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529
the presence of the upper part of the beds with Textularia
crimica – Belorussiella taurica and beds with Lingulina trilo
bitomorpha, Haplophragmoides vocontianus, correlating with
Boreal ammonite zones from the Tauricum – Verrucosum
(Upper Berriasian – Valanginian). The new data on ostracods
allow us to expand the volume and characteristics of the earlier
recognized beds with Robsoniella obovata – Robsoniella
longa. Although most ostracod species are endemic here,
there is some similarity with Upper Berriasian – Valanginian
European assemblages. Beds with Phoberocysta neocomica
and assemblage with Systematophora areolata, Tubotuberella
spp. have been established from dinoflagellate cysts in the
Zavodskaya Balka; in Koklyuk, beds with Phoberocysta neo
comica, beds with Pseudoceratium pelliferum and beds with
Oligosphaeridium spp. have been determined. The basement
of the latter beds correlates with the Lower Valanginian
Paratollia zone from north-western Europe. The examined
dinocyst assemblages have more similarity with the Boreal,
than with the Tethyan forms, which is accounted for by the
connection with the Boreal basin at that time. Notwithstanding
the lack of Valanginian ammonite finds, the data on foraminifer,
ostracod and dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphic occurrences,
combined with macrofaunal and palaeomagnetic data, makes
it possible to substantiate the occurrence of the Lower
Valanginian in eastern Crimea.
Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to: Dr. Ottilia
Szives (HNH Museum), and an anonymous reviewer, Dr. Jozef
Michalík and Dr. Milan Kohút (SAS) for thorough reviews,
important comments and correction of the manuscript,
Dr. I.A. Nikolaeva (VSEGEI) for valuable recommendation;
L.А Kartseva (BIN RAN) and Dr. E.M. Tesakova (МGU) for
ostracod photography; E.V. Serebryakova for the English
translation.
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Foraminifers:
Ammodiscus cretaceous (Reuss), 1845;
Astacolus ambanjabensis (Espitalie et Sigal), 1963;
Astacolus calliopsis (Reuss, 1863);
Astacolus ex gr. mutilates Espitalie et Sigal, 1963;
Astacolus gibber Espitalie et Sigal, 1963;
Astacolus hamalilis (Reuss), 1863;
Astacolus incurvatus (Loeblich et Tappan), 1950;
Astacolus laudatus (Hoffman), 1961;
Astacolus planiusculus (Reuss), 1863;
Astacolus proprius K.Kuznetsova, 1985;
Ataxophragmiidae;
Belorussiella taurica Gorbatchik, 1971;
Citharina ex gr. flexuosa (Bruckmann), 1904;
Conorbina miser (Gorbatchik), 1971;
Conorboides hofkeri (Bartenstein and Brand), 1951;
Dentalina communis d’Orbigny, 1826;
Dentalina marginuloides Reuss, 1851;
Dentalina nana Reuss, 1862;
Dentalina soluta Reuss, 1851;
Discorbis crimicus Schokchina, 1960;
Dorothia aff. zedlerae Moullade, 1966;
Dorothia ex gr. oxycona (Reuss, 1860) var. elongate Tairov,
1956;
Dorothia ex gr. oxycona (Reuss, 1860);
Dorothia kummi (Zedier), 1961;
Dorothia praeoxycona Moullade, 1966;
Dorothia pseudocostata (Antonova), 1964;
Epistominidae;
Falsopalmula costata Gorbatchik, 1971;
Frondicularia complexa Pathy, 1968;
Frondicularia crimica Schokhina, 1960;
Gaudryina alternans Gorbatchik, 1985;
Gaudryina neocomica Chalilov, 1956;
Gaudryina spp.;
Globospirillina neocomina Moullade, 1966
Glomospira ex gr. charoides Jones & Parker, 1860;
Glomospirella ex gr. gaultina (Berthelin), 1880;
Haplophragmium elongatum Dain, 1973;
Haplophragmium sp.;
Haplophragmoides ustjurticus Mamaeva, 1970;
Haplophragmoides vocontianus Moullade, 1966;
Haplophragmoides spp.;
Hippocrepinidae;
Hoeglundina ex gr. caracolla (Roemer), 1841;
Hormosinelloides? guttus Vassilenko, 1980;
Lenticulina aff. akmetchetica Mjatliuk, 1988;
Lenticulina ambanjabensis Gorbatchik, 1985;
Lenticulina andromede Espitalie et Sigal, 1963;
Lenticulina busnardoi Moullade, 1966;
Lenticulina cf. aquilonica (Mjatliuk), 1939;
Lenticulina cf. nodosa Reuss, 1863;
Lenticulina eichenbergi Bartenstein et Brand. 1951;
Lenticulina ex gr. andromede Espitalie et Sigal, 1963;
Lenticulina ex gr. guttata (Dam), 1946;
Lenticulina ex gr. neocomina Romanova, 1955;
Lenticulina ex gr. nimbifera Espitalie et Sigal, 1963;
Lenticulina ex gr. subalata (Reuss), 1854;
Lenticulina lideri Romanova, 1960;
Lenticulina macra Gorbatchik, 1960;
Lenticulina macrodisca Reuss, 1862;
Lenticulina muensteri (Roemer), 1839;
Lenticulina nuda (Reuss), 1862;
Lenticulina ouachensis Sigal, 1952;
Lenticulina praegaultina Bartenstein, Bettenstaedt, Bolli 1957;
Lenticulina saxonica Bartenstein et Brand, 1951;
Lingulina trilobitomorpha Pathy, 1968;
Marginulinita pyramidalis (Kocheleva), 1851;
Nodosaria paupercula Reuss, 1845;
Orthokarstenia fenestralis Bystrova, 1983;
Planularia madagascariensis Espitalie et Sigal, 1963;
Pseudonodosaria humilis (Roemer), 1841;
Pseudosaracenaria truncata Pathy, 1968;
Quadratina (Tristix) tunassica Schokhina, 1960;
Ramulina aculeata Wright, 1886;
Ramulina spinata Cushman, 1934
Ramulina spp.;
Recurvoides ex gr. paucus Dubrovskaja, 1967;
Reophax spp.;
Rhizammina indiviza Brady, 1884;
Saracenaria compacta Espitalie et Sigal, 1963;
Spirillina aff. minima Schacko, 1892;
Spirillina kubleri Mjatliuk, 1953;
Trochammina neocomiana Mjatliuk, 1939;
Vaginulinopsis neopachynota Bartenstein et Kaever, 1973;
Vaginulinopsis spp.;
Verneuilina angularis Gorbatchik, 1971
Ostracods:
Acrocythere alexandrae Neale et Kolpenskaya, 2000;
Bairdia spp.;
B. ex gr. luminosa Kuznetsova, 1961;
Bairdia sp.1 Tesakova, Savelieva, 2005;
Cytheropteron spp.;
Cytheropteron sp. 4;
Hemicytherura moorei Neale, 1967;
Eucytherura spp.;
Eucytherura ardescae Donze, 1965;
Eucytherura paula (Luebimova, 1955);
Eucytherura soror Pokorny, 1973;
Loxoella spp.;
Loxoella variealveolata Kuznetsova, 1956;
Procytherura? baculumbajula (Mandelstam, 1955);
Paracypris caerulea Neale, 1962;
Supplementum
List of taxa
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, 2017, 68, 6, 517–529
Paracypris sp.1;
Robsoniella spp.;
Robsoniella longa Kuznetsova, 1961;
Robsoniella obovata Kuznetsova, 1956;
Robsoniella minima Kuznetsova, 1961;
Sigillium procerum Kuznetsova, 1960;
Sigillium spp.
Organicwalled dinoflagellate cysts:
Apteodinium sp.;
Achomosphaera neptunii (Eisenack, 1958) Davey et Wil-
liams, 1966;
Amphorula dodekovae Zotto et al., 1987;
Amphorula expirata (Davey, 1982) Courtinat, 1989;
Amphorula metaelliptica Dodekova, 1969);
Aprobolocysta pustulosa Smith et Harding, 2004;
Athigmatocysta glabra Duxbury, 1977;
Atopodinium haromense Thomas et Cox, 1988;
Avellodinium falsificum Duxbury, 1977;
Batioladinium? gochtii (Alberty, 1961) Lentin et Williams,
1977;
Batioladinium radiculatum Davey, 1982;
Bourkidinium granulatum Morgan, 1975;
Callaiosphaeridium tricheryum Duxbury, 1980;
Cassiculosphaeridia magna Davey, 1974;
Cassiculosphaeridia reticulata Davey, 1969;
Chlamydophorella sp.;
Chytroeisphaeridia chytroeides (Sarjeant, 1962) Downie et
Sarjeant, 1965;
Circulodinium distinctum (Deflandre et Cookson, 1955)
Jansonius, 1986;
Cometodinium habibii Monteil, 1991;
Ctenidodinium elegantulum Millioud, 1969;
Cymososphaeridium sp. I Davey, 1982;
Cymososphaeridium vallidum Davey, 1982;
Dapsilidinium warrenii (Habib, 1976) Lentin et Williams, 1981;
Dichadogonyaulax culmula (Norris 1965) Loeblich et
Loeblich, 1968;
Dichadogonyaulax? pannea (Norris, 1965) Sarjeant, 1969;
Dingodinium cerviculum Cookson et Eisenack, 1958;
Dingodinium? spinosum (Duxbury, 1977) Davey. 1979;
Dissiliodinium sp.,
Downiesphaeridium iaculigerum (Klement, 1960) Williams
et al., 1998;
Egmontodinium torynum (Cookson et Eisenack, 1960)
Davey, 1979;
Gardodinium trabeculosum (Gocht, 1959) Alberti, 1961;
Gochteodinia virgula Davey, 1982;
Gonyaulacysta cladophora sensu Duxbury, 1977;
Heslertonia sp.;
Hystrichodinium pulchrum Deflandre, 1935;
Hystrichodinium voigtii (Alberti, 1961) Davey, 1974;
Hystrichosphaerina? orbifera (Klement, 1960) Stover et
Evitt, 1978;
Kleithriasphaeridium corrugatum Davey, 1974;
Kleithriasphaeridium eoinodes (Eisenack, 1958) Davey,
1974;
Kleithriasphaeridium porosispinum Davey, 1982;
Muderongia crucis Neale et Sarjeant, 1962;
Muderongia endovata Riding et al., 2000;
Muderongia longicorna Monteil, 1991;
Muderongia mcwhaei Cookson et Eisenack, 1958 forma B
Monteil, 1991;
Muderongia simplex Alberti, 1961;
Muderongia simplex subsp. microperforata Davey, 1982;
Muderongia tetracantha (Gocht, 1957) Alberti, 1961;
Muderongia tomaszowensis Alberti, 1961;
Nelchinopsis kostromiensis (Vozzhennikova, 1967) Wiggins,
1972.
Occisucysta tentoria Duxbury, 1977;
Oligosphaeridium albertense (Pocock, 1962) Davey et
Williams, 1969;
Oligosphaeridium complex (White, 1842) Davey et Williams,
1966;
Oligosphaeridium diluculum Davey, 1982;
Oligosphaeridium totum Brideaux, 1971;
Phoberocysta neocomica (Gocht, 1957) Millioud, 1969;
Pluriarvalium osmingtonense Sarjeant, 1962;
Prolixosphaeridium spp.,
Pseudoceratium pelliferum Gocht. 1957;
Scriniodinium campanula Gocht, 1959;
Spiniferites ex gr. ramosus (Ehrenberg, 1838) Loeblich et
Loeblich, 1966;
Subtilisphaera sp.;
Surculosphaeridium sp.;
Systematophora areolata Klement, 1960;
Systematophora palmula Davey, 1982;
Systematophora sp. II Davey, 1982;
Systematophora? daveyi Riding et Thomas, 1988;
Tanyosphaeridium spp.,
Tehamadinium aff. daveyi Jan du Chêne et al., 1986.
Tubotuberella spp.;
Valensiella ovulum (Deflandre, 1947) Eisenack, 1963;
Wallodinium cylindricum (Habib, 1970) Duxbury, 1983;
Wallodinium krutzschii (Alberti, 1961) Habib, 1972;
Wallodinium luna (Cookson et Eisenack, 1960) Lentin and
Williams, 1973;
Wrevittia helicoidea (Eisenack et Cookson, 1960) Helenes et
Lucas-Clark, 1997.