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Introduction
Upper Jurassic scleractinian corals with about 20 species
presented by Mišík (1979) and Morycowa & Mišík (2005),
come from the biohermal limestones in the Vršatec Castle
klippe area (Czorsztyn Succession) in the Slovak sector of the
Pieniny Klippen Belt, Western Carpathians (Figs. 1A,B, 2).
The stratigraphic span of the species given in the latter paper
is limited to the Late Jurassic interval, with the exception of
two species (Atelophyllia cf. clermontei Lathuili
e
re and
Periseris elegantula (d’Orbigny)), known only from the
Middle Jurassic. These two species were considered by
Morycowa & Mišík (2005) to represent surviving Bajocian-
Callovian taxa.
The age of the biohermal coral limestones, accepted previ-
ously as the Oxfordian (cf. Mišík 1979) is assumed to corre-
spond to the Bajocian (probably Early Bajocian) (i.a. Schlögl
et al. 2006, 2009a,b) on the basis of the stratigraphic super-
imposition criteria and ammonite species Nannolytoceras
tripartitum (Raspail) occurring in the neptunic dyke cutting
the peribiohermal limestones (i.a. Schlögl et al. 2006, 2009a)
and Bathonian-Callovian ammonites occurring in dykes in
the uppermost part of the Vršatec limestone in the Vršatec-
Castle Klippe (Schlögl et al. 2009b). However, other age
bio-indicators and in particular the youngest indicator of the
biohermal coral-bearing limestones and their equivalents,
should also be considered.
The foraminifera co-occurring with the corals, derived
from these limestones point rather to their Late Jurassic age
(Table 1). Moreover, some incertae sedis encrusting micro-
Foraminiferal assemblage in the coral-bearing limestones of
the Vršatec area (Pieniny Klippen Belt, Western
Carpathians, Slovakia)
ELŻBIETA MORYCOWA
1
and BARBARA OLSZEWSKA
2
1
Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geological Sciences, Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków, Poland; elzbieta.moryc@uj.edu.pl
2
Polish Geological Institute, Carpathian Branch, Skrzatów 1, 31-560 Kraków, Poland; bols@pgi.gov.pl
(Manuscript received May 3, 2012; accepted in revised form September 18, 2012)
Abstract: The paper deals with benthic foraminifera occurring with the scleractinian corals in the Jurassic biohermal
and peribiohermal coral-bearing limestones of the Vršatec area (Czorsztyn Succession, Slovak Pieniny Klippen Belt).
The coral community is dominated by branching forms of the genus Thecosmilia. Co-occurring abundant benthic fora-
minifera belong to the species Rumanolina seiboldi, R. elevata, Paalzowella turbinella and Troglotella incrustans. The
coral-bearing limestones were initially assigned to the Oxfordian on the basis of the microfacies analyses and bivalve
and scleractinian faunas. In recent papers they are assigned to the Bajocian on the basis of ammonites found in the
neptunic dykes and stratigraphic superimposition criteria. However, the stratigraphic distribution of the majority of the
identified foraminifera indicates that like most scleractinian coral taxa they are not known earlier than in the Late
Jurassic. The Late Jurassic age of these coral-bearing limestones is also suggested by an encrusting microproblematic
organism Iberopora bodeuri.
Key words: Upper Jurassic, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Slovakia, Foraminifera, Scleractinia.
Fig. 1. A – Position of the Vršatec klippe (rectangle) relative to
the Pieniny Klippen Belt (black irregular line). B – Topographic
map of the Vah valley region (Western Slovakia) showing the loca-
tion of the Vršatec klippe (x-shape). (After Morycowa & Mišík 2005,
simplified.)
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fossils (Fig. 3.1,2) also appear to suggest this age. Therefore,
our data based on the foraminifera and microproblematic
fossils co-occurring with the corals association seem to be
useful for the further discussion.
Material and methods
The corals from the Jurassic biohermal and peribiohermal
limestones (cf. Mišík 1979; Morycowa & Mišík 2005) have
been collected by professor Milan Mišík from the Vršatec
area. Almost all specimens from biohermal facies come from
Site 22, only two from Site 42 (see Morycowa & Mišík
2005: fig. 1C). The coral skeleton fragments from the red-
dish peribiohermal limestones (cf. Mišík 1979: fig. 1) come
from Site 3 near the entrance to the Vršatec Castle.
The foraminifera analysed in this paper also come from
Sites 22 and 3.
The investigations were carried out with the help of the
binocular and petrographic microscopes.
The primary acronym of the specimens from the collection
studied by Morycowa (Morycowa & Mišík 2005), was
UJ 134P/1-n (Museum of the Institute of Geological Sciences
of Jagiellonian University in Cracow), but this acronym and
the numbers of the specimens were changed later and the
specimens and thin sections are located in the Slovak National
Fig. 2. Vršatec Castle klippe. Biohermal limestones occur in its
higher part (left of the broken line – arrow) (After Morycowa &
Mišík 2005).
Museum in Bratislava (Morycowa & Mišík 2005: SNM
Z 24183-24230/n). A few small fragments of these samples
and about 10 thin sections (see Appendix 1) kept in the
Museum of the Institute of Geological Sciences UJ, some of
which were not included in previous works, are analysed here.
Discussion on foraminifera co-occurring with corals
The corals occur frequently in white biohermal limestones
and sporadically in pinkish and grey peribiohermal limestones
and reef breccias that were assigned by Mišík (1979) to the
Oxfordian and by Schlögl et al. (2006, 2099a,b) to the Bajo-
cian. Detailed lithological, microfacies and biostratigraphical
characteristics of these sediments were presented by Mišík
(1979). About 20 shallow-water scleractinian coral taxa were
identified in these biohermal limestones (Sites 22 and 42; cf.
Morycowa & Mišík 2005: fig. 1C). The most common taxa
are pseudocolonial (phaceloid-dendroid) forms from the family
Montlivaltiidae, genus Thecosmilia. Other families are rather
poorly represented. The stratigraphic span of the coral species
described in Morycowa & Mišík (2005) is limited to the Late
Jurassic interval, with the exception of two species, known
only from the Middle Jurassic (Atelophyllia cf. clermontei
Lathuili
e
re and Periseris elegantula (d’Orbigny)), considered
by the authors mentioned above as representing surviving
Bajocian-Callovian taxa. Moreover, some incertae sedis mi-
crofossils that encrust coral skeletons (Fig. 3.1,2) such as
Iberopora bodeuri Granier & Berthou (Oxfordian—Berriasian),
not known to date from the Middle Jurassic (cf. Schlagintweit
2004), also suggest this age.
The studied material did not reveal any index Jurassic fora-
miniferal species. The identified taxa (6 species and 1 identi-
fied as cf.; see Appendix 2) may be divided into two groups
differing in the extent of their stratigraphic distribution.
The more stratigraphically restricted species are: Rumanolina
seiboldi (Lutze) – Oxfordian—Valanginian; Rumanolina
elevata (Paalzow) – Oxfordian—Valanginian; Paalzowella
turbinella Gümbel – Oxfordian—Early Kimmeridgian and
Troglotella incrustans Wernli & Fookes – Oxfordian—Lower
Cenomanian. The stratigraphic distribution (Table 1) of the
mentioned species seems to indicate that the investigated
strata are not older than the Late Jurassic. Taken as a whole
the foraminiferal fauna of the material studied shows affini-
ties with the assemblages known from the Upper Jurassic
carbonate sediments of epicontinental and Tethyan facies.
Conclusions
The investigations of the thin sections of the coral-bearing
biohermal and peribiohermal limestones from the Vršatec
area show that they contain abundant foraminifera species of
the genera Rumanolina Neagu, Paalzowella Cushman and
Troglotella Wernli & Fookes. Their stratigraphic distribu-
tion, like that of most coral species, is characteristic of the
Late Jurassic interval, in contrast to the inference where these
limestones belong to the Middle Jurassic (Schlögl et al. 2006,
2009a,b). Moreover, some microfossils incertae sedis encrust-
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Table 1: Occurrences and/or stratigraphic ranges of selected foraminifera species from the coral-bearing limestones of the Vršatec area
( when the species were determined here or in the literature as affinis or conformis, as well as when the stratigraphic distribution of
species is not certain).
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Fig. 3. Figs. 1—12 and 16 – thin section from the biohermal whitish scleractinian coral limestones (Site 22); figs. 13—15 – thin section from the
reddish peribiohermal coral limestones (Site 3). 1—7 – Thin sections no. UJ 134P/4/3a: 1 – Scleractinian coral Cladophyllia rollieri (Koby)
encrusted by microfossils incertae sedis; 2 – Enlarged fragment of coral and microencruster. The latter composed of Iberopora bodeuri Granier
& Berthou accompanied by Koskinobullina socialis Cherchi & Schroeder; 3, 4 – Redmondoides lugeoni (Septfontaine); 5, 6 – Miliolidae;
7 – Haghimashella cf. arcuata (Haeusler). 8 – Thin section no. UJ 134P/3/5b: Paalzowella turbinella (Gümbel). 9 – Thin section no.
UJ 134P/1/13c: Paalzowella elevata (Paalzow). 10 – Thin section no. UJ 134P/1/14a (not studied to date): Rumanolina seiboldi (Lutze).
11—12 – Thin section no. UJ 134P/2/4b: 11 – Skeletal fragment of Thecosmilia dichotoma Koby in transverse section; 12 – Rumanolina
feifeli (Paalzow) occurring between skeletal coral elements. 13—15 – Thin section no. UJ 134P/12/1a: 13—14 – Paalzowella turbinella
(Gümbel); 15 – Rumanolina aff. feifeli (Paalzow). 16 – Thin section no. UJ 134P/1/7b: Troglotella incrustans (Wernli & Fookes).
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Fig. 4. Thin sections from the reddish peribiohermal coral limestones (Site 3). 1—5 – Thin section no. UJ 134P/12/2a. Limestone with frag-
ment of scleractinian skeleton and rather rich foraminifera forms: 2 – Rumanolina seiboldi (Lutze); 3—5– Rumanolina elevata (Paalzow),
with Spirillina sp. in Fig. 3.4. 6—15 – Thin section UJ 134P/12/3a: 6 – Frondicularia sp.; 7 – Biointramicrite with scleractinian skeleton
fragment and microfossils such as radiolarians and foraminifera; 8 – ?Rumanolina sp.; 9 – Spirillina sp., Rumanolina sp. and Nodosariidae;
10—13 – Rumanolina seiboldi (Lutze), and Spirillina sp. in Fig. 10; 14 – Paalzowella turbinella (Paalzow); 15 – Spirillina sp.
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ing coral skeletons, such as Iberopora Granier & Berthou,
known to date only from the Oxfordian—Berriasian may also
support their age as younger than Middle Jurassic.
The alternative explanation of the Late Jurassic age of the
discussed coral and foraminifera taxa could be that their
stratigraphic ranges and first appearance, given in the litera-
ture, are not sufficiently understood. On the other hand it is
difficult to explain why so many taxa known to date from the
Upper Jurassic appeared earlier and simultaneously in one
region. Further studies of biohermal limestones based on
richer material may resolve this problem.
Acknowledgments: For the comments on the manuscript
and very valuable remarks, we are grateful to the Reviewers,
Prof. Ewa Roniewicz, Dr. Adam Tomašových and Dr. Felix
Schlagintweit. We also thank Ms. Janina Ozga and Dr.
Bogusław Kołodziej for the discussion and their help during
the preparation of this paper.
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Appendix 1
Thin section UJ 134P/ 1/7 (specimen: SNM Z 24189). Biohermal white limestone (Site 22) with Thecosmilia dichotoma Koby.
Thin section UJ 134P/1/13 (specimen: SNM Z 24195). Biohermal white limestone (Site 22) with Placophyllia aff. dianthus (Goldfuss).
Thin section UJ 134P/1/14 (not studied to date). Biohermal white limestone (Site 22) with indet. thamnasterioid scleractinian coral. Thin
section UJ 134P/2/4b (specimen: SNM Z 23205). Biohermal white limestone (Site 22) with Thecosmilia aff. dichotoma Koby.
Thin section UJ 134P/ 3/5 (specimen SNM Z 24210). Biohermal white limestone (Site 22) with Thecosmilia dichotoma Koby and
Cladophyllia sp.
Thin section UJ 134P/ 4/3 (not studied to date). Biohermal white limestone (Site 22) with Cladophyllia rolieri (Koby) and Thecosmilia
dichotoma Koby.
Thin section UJ 134P/ 12/1. Peribiohermal pinkish limestone (Site 3) with thamnasterioid coral fragment.
Thin section UJ 134P/12/2. Peribiohermal pinkish limestone (Site 3) with Thecosmilia cf. dichotoma Koby (Mišík 1979, p. 16, pl. 20, fig. 1).
Thin section UJ 134P/12/3. Biohermal pinkish limestone (Site 3) with coral skeleton fragments.
Appendix 2
Systematic positions of the studied foraminifera. (After: Loeblich &
Tappan 1988, Neagu 2001, Kaminski 2004 and Schlagintweit 2012).
Family Placentulinidae Kasimova, Poroshina & Geodakchan, 1980,
Genus Rumanolina Neagu, 2001
Rumanolina seiboldi (Lutze, 1960)
Rumanolina feifeli (Paalzow,1932)
Rumanolina elevata (Paalzow,1932)
?Rumanolina sp.
Genus Paalzowella Cushman, 1933
Paalzowella turbinella (Gümbel, 1862)
Family Paravalvulinidae Banner, Simmone & Whittaker, 1991
Genus Redmondoides Banner, Simmons & Whittaker, 1991
Redmondoides lugeoni (Septfontaine, 1977)
Family Telamminidae Loeblich & Tappan 1985
Genus Troglotella Wernli & Fookes, 1992
Troglotella incrustans (Wernli & Fookes, 1992)
Family Textulariopsidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1982
Genus Haghimashella Neagu & Neagu, 1995
Haghimashella cf. arcuata (Haeusler, 1890)
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