GeolCarp_Vol59_No5_447

GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA, OCTOBER 2008, 59, 5, 447—460

www.geologicacarpathica.sk

Quantitative analyses of calcareous nannoplankton

assemblages from the Baden-Sooss section

(Middle Miocene of Vienna Basin, Austria)

STJEPAN ĆORIĆ

and JOHANN HOHENEGGER

Geological Survey of Austria, Neulinggasse 38, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; stjepan.coric@geologie.ac.at

Institute of Paleontology, Vienna University, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; johann.hohenegger@univie.ac.at

(Manuscript received December 13, 2007; accepted in revised form June 12, 2008)

Abstract: Quantitative analyses of calcareous nannofossils were carried out on 102 Middle Miocene samples from the
scientific borehole at Baden-Sooss (Vienna Basin). All the samples can be assigned to nannoplankton Zone NN5. The
content of Helicosphaera walbersdorfensis allows correlation with the Mediterranean nannoplankton Subzone MNN5a.
Typical near-shore forms such as small reticulofenestrids followed by Umbilicosphaera jafarii, Reticulofenestra haqii,
Coccolithus pelagicus and Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica dominate the calcareous nannoplankton assemblages. In-
ter-species correlations and correlations to stable isotopes and magnetic susceptibility together with multivariate statis-
tical methods (Cluster analysis, Indicator value method, nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling) enabled the reconstruc-
tion of trends in the paleoenvironment of the upper water mass during this part of the Badenian. Low variations in
abundance of ecologically sensitive species suggest relatively low fluctuating environments. The deeper part of the core
(40 to 102 m) shows opposite oscillating trends (with long periods) in salinity and temperature. Around 70 m of the core
the salinity maximum is combined with a temperature minimum, while a salinity minimum and temperature maximum
can be found around 50 m. Trends in the upper core part are more discontinuous, possibly due to gaps in the sedimen-
tation record caused by intensified tectonics. Generally, a linear trend towards slightly increasing salinity, eutrophica-
tion and lowered temperatures could be documented for the upper core part.

Key words: Lower Badenian, Central Paratethys, Vienna Basin, multivariate statistics, calcareous nannofossils,
nannoplankton Zone NN5.

Introduction

Detailed investigation of calcareous nannoplankton from the
scientific borehole Baden-Sooss was carried out to document
the stratigraphic position and paleoecological changes with-
in nannofossil assemblages in Middle Miocene sediments
from the southern part of the Vienna Basin (Fig. 1).

The first report about calcareous nannoplankton from the

Vienna  Basin  is  from  Gümbel  (1870).  Kamptner  (1948)  in-
vestigated the “Badener Tegel” from the former brickyard at
Baden and described 8 new species. He recognized the bios-
tratigraphical  and  paleoecological  importance  of  this  group
for Miocene sediments. Further studies were focused on the
nannofossil  biostratigraphy  from  different  localities  in  the
Austrian part of the Vienna Basin (Fuchs & Stradner 1977;
Stradner & Fuchs 1978; Wessely et al. 2007), but they lack,
quantitative information, which could lead to a better under-
standing of the calcareous nannoplankton paleoecology dur-
ing  the  Middle  Badenian.  Numerous  publications  were
dealing  with  the  Miocene  stratigraphy  and  paleoecology
from  the  Mediterranean  bioprovince  based  on  quantitative
investigations  of  the  calcareous  nannoplankton  (Fornaciari
&  Rio  1996;  Fornaciari  et  al.  1996;  Sprovieri  et  al.  2002,
etc.).  Quantitative  analysis  allows  the  identification  of
events, which can be used for paleoecological interpretation
and can be helpful for biostratigraphic correlation.

Calcareous nannoplankton assemblages were newly investi-

gated  from  the  outcrop  at  the  type  locality  of  the  Badenian
stage, the former brickyard of the Wienerberger Company at
Baden-Sooss (Rögl et al. 2008). Biostratigraphic investigation
on foraminifera indicates the lower part of the local Upper La-
genidae Zone. The absence of Helicosphaera ampliaperta and
the  presence  of  Sphenolithus  heteromorphus  in  the  studied
material allow an attribution to the calcareous nannoplankton
standard Zone NN5 (Martini 1971). The important short-range
species  Helicosphaera  waltrans,  occurring  in  the  lowermost
part  of  NN5  could  not  be  identified  in  the  investigated  sam-
ples.  This  species  was  found  in  the  Grund  Formation  of  the
Alpine Carpathian Foredeep and in some localities in the Vi-
enna  Basin  and  thus  indicates  an  Early  Badenian  age  corre-
sponding to the Langhian. The borehole Baden-Sooss can be
stratigraphically correlated with the overlying interval of Heli-
cosphaera waltrans horizon (Sphenolithus heteromorphus ho-
rizon)  described  by  Švábenická  (2002)  in  the  Carpathian
Foredeep.  According  to  the  biostratigraphic  and  cyclostrati-
graphic dating (Hohenegger et al. 2008), this borehole can be
positioned  between  —14.379  and  —14.142 Myr,  which  coin-
cides  with  the  lower  part  of  the  Sphenolithus  heteromorphus
Zone (NN5, Martini 1971).

The calcareous nannoplankton as photosynthetic haptophyte

algae live in the upper euphotic zone that is directly influenced
by ecologic factors such as water temperature, light and inor-

448

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER

ganic nutrient supply (nitrate, phosphate, trace elements and vi-
tamins). Generally they flourish in warm, well-stratified, olig-
otrophic, mid-ocean environments, although numerous species
have a broad ecological tolerance (Bown & Young 1998).

Material and methods

The Baden-Sooss scientific borehole penetrates a 102 m

succession of intensively bioturbated Middle Miocene sedi-
ments at the type locality of the Badenian. The calcareous
nannoplankton distribution in this borehole was studied from
the whole section (8 m to 101.82 m). Sediments were sampled
approximately from each meter, whereas from the lowermost
part (100 to 101.82 m) samples were taken at 20 cm intervals.

Smear slides were prepared for all samples using standard

procedures and examined under light microscope (cross and
parallel nicols) with 1000

× magnification. In total, 102 sam-

ples were analysed.

Quantitative data were obtained according to two methods:
1. counting at least 300 specimens from each smear slide;
2. counting 50 helicoliths from each sample.
A further 100 view squares were checked for important spe-

cies  to  interpret  the  biostratigraphy  and  paleoecology  of  the
calcareous  nannoplankton.  Among  reticulofenestrids  the  fol-
lowing  species  were  distinguished:  Reticulofenestra  minuta
(reticulofenestrids  < 3 µm),  R.  haqii  (reticulofenestrids  3  to

5 µm), R. pseudoumbilica 5 to 7 µm and R. pseudoumbilica
> 7 µm. On the basis of changing abundances of different
nannoplankton taxa, the whole section could be subdivided
into intervals by eye. For each interval the arithmetical mean
and median is given (Tables 1 to 6).

Complex statistical investigations were performed on per-

centages  of  the  most  important  and  predominating  species.
For the use of parametrical statistics like the product-moment
correlation (Table 9), proportions had to be linearized, where-
by  the  arcsine-root  transformation  (Linder  &  Berchthold
1976)  was  used  because  of  including  zero-values.  Inter-spe-
cies  correlations  and  correlations  between  each  species  and
magnetic  susceptibility  as  well  as  stable  isotopes,  obtained
from  the  planktonic  foraminifer  Globigerinoides  trilobus,
were  calculated.  Clustering  of  samples  was  performed  by
Ward’s  method  based  on  standardized  Euclidean  distances
with  a  subsequent  determination  of  species  that  is  indicative
for the obtained clusters (Indicator value method by Dufrêne
&  Legendre  1997).  Nonmetrical  Multidimensional  Scaling
(nMDS), also based on standardized Euclidean distances, was
used  for  the  representation  of  relations  between  samples  and
species in a low-dimensional space. The grade of changes in
floral composition along the core could be measured as distanc-
es between subsequent samples in the low dimensional charac-
ter  space  gained  by  nMDS.  Large  distances  indicate  a  strong
turnover in floral composition and longer intervals of large dis-
tances are typical for intensive environmental oscillations.

Fig. 1. a – Tectonic map of the
Vienna  Basin  and  location  of
the  studied  borehole  Baden-
Sooss. b – Schematic sedimen-
tological  log  of  the  borehole
Baden-Sooss (after Hohenegger
et al. 2008).

449

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON FROM BADEN-SOOSS SECTION (AUSTRIA)

The basic lists can be found as an Electronic Supplement of

this paper in web version at http://www.geologicacarpathica.sk.
Simple statistical analyses were calculated with EXCEL,
while for complex analyses the program packages SPSS
(2006) and PC-ORD (McCune & Mefford 1999) were used.

Results

Middle Miocene sediments from the Baden-Sooss core

generally contain very well-preserved and common calcare-
ous  nannoplankton  assemblages  (Fig. 2).  All  assemblages
are  dominated  by  Reticulofenestra  minuta.  Coccolithus  pe-
lagicus,  helicoliths,  Reticulofenestra  gelida,  R.  haqii,  R.
pseudoumbilica, and Umbilicosphaera jafarii occur less fre-
quently,  but  regularly  and  continually.  Helicosphaera  cart-
eri  and  H.  walbersdorfensis  occur  regularly  among
helicoliths, whereas H. euphratis, H. minuta and H. wallichi
are  relatively  rare.  Rare  but  relatively  continual  are  Acan-
thoica cohenii, Braarudosphaera bigelowii, Coccolithus mi-
opelagicus,

Coronocyclus

nitescens,

Coronosphaera

mediterranea, Criptococcolithus mediaperforatus, Cyclicar-
golithus  floridanus,  Geminilithella  rotula,  Hayella  chalen-
geri,  Holodiscolithus  macroporus,  Micrantholithus  vesper,
Pontosphaera  multipora,  Rhabdosphaera  sicca,  Spheno-
lithus heteromorphus and Sphenolithus moriformis. Rare and
irregularly found are Calcidiscus leptoporus, C. premacinty-
rei, C. tropicus, Calciosolenia murrayi, Ilselithina fusa, Mi-
crantolithus

articulatus,

Perforocalcinella

fusiformis,

Pontosphaera discopora, Syracosphaera pulchra, Thora-
cosphaera heimii, Th. saxea and Triquetrorhabdulus milowii.

The distribution of autochthonous and reworked calcareous

nannofossils in the borehole Baden-Sooss is alphabetically ar-
ranged and listed in Table 7 (autochthonous nannofossils) and
Table 8a,b (reworked nannofossils).

Species distribution

Coccolithus pelagicus

The abundance pattern of C. pelagicus (Fig. 3a) shows 6

distinct periods with abundance fluctuations. Abundances of
C. pelagicus vary between 0 and 9.7 % in intervals 2, 4 and 6
and are thus negatively correlated with magnetic susceptibil-
ity  (Fig. 3a,  Table 9).  Coccolithus  pelagicus  shows  higher
percentages  in  intervals 1,  3  and  5.  They  oscillate  here  be-
tween 0.9 % and 16 % getting maximum values in the upper
part of the core (interval 5). These intervals can be correlated
with lower values of magnetic susceptibility. Beside the neg-
ative  correlation  of  C.  pelagicus  to  magnetic  susceptibility,
this species is also negatively correlated with R. minuta, but
significant  positively  correlated  with  R.  haqii  and  the  re-
worked nannoplankton (Table 9).

Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica

Fornaciari et al. (1996, 1997) showed that R. pseudoumbilica

with a diameter of 5 to 7 µm commonly occurs within the NN5
nannoplankton Zone of the Mediterranean region. They used

the first common occurrence (FCO) of larger R. pseudoumbili-
ca (with diameter > 7 µm) for subdividing the nannoplankton
Zone MNN6 into Subzones MNN6a and MNN6b.

Sediments from Baden-Sooss contain a very few larger R.

pseudoumbilica  and  therefore  they  were  combined  with  the
smaller  species.  According  to  the  abundance  pattern  of  R.
pseudoumbilica, the borehole Baden-Sooss can be subdivid-
ed  into  three  intervals  (Fig. 3b,  Table 2).  Intervals 1  (mean
4.87, median 4.61) and 3 (mean 2.66, median 2.50) contain
lower percentages of R. pseudoumbilica with values between
0  %  and  8.8  %.  Additionally,  interval 3  can  be  subdivided
into  4  subunits:  3A  and  3C  are  characterized  by  lower  and
3B  and  3D  by  higher  concentrations  of  R.  pseudoumbilica.
The  interval 2  (from  55.0  m  to  80.02 m)  contains  samples
with  higher  percentages  of  R.  pseudoumbilica  between  4.8
and  19.4 %  (mean  9.29 %,  median  8.74 %).  This  species  is
negatively correlated with R. minuta and shows a single but
insignificant positive correlation to U. jafarii (Table 9).

Reticulofenestra minuta

Reticulofenestra minuta and R. haqii dominate in the

Baden-Sooss  core,  with  participation  in  nannoplankton  as-
semblages between 44.7 and 94.1 %. On the basis of varia-
tion  in  the  content  of  small  reticulofenestrids,  the  scientific
borehole at Baden-Sooss can be subdivided into six intervals
(Fig. 3c, Table 3). Samples from intervals 2, 4 and 6 contain
lower  numbers  of  small  reticulofenestrids,  which  vary  be-
tween  41.4  and  74.2  %.  Intervals 1,  3  and  5  contain  in-
creased percentages of R. minuta oscillating between 46.6 %
and  89 %.  Reticulofenestra  minuta  is  significant  negatively
correlated  with  all  other  species  (except  H.  walbersdorfen-
sis) and the reworked nannoplankton (Table 9). Peaks in the
abundance of R. haqii (Fig. 3d) coincide with maximum val-
ues of magnetic susceptibility.

Umbilicosphaera jafarii

On the basis of the abundance of U. jafarii, six intervals

can  be  distinguished  in  the  Baden-Sooss  core  (Fig. 3e,  Ta-
ble 4).  Intervals 1,  4  and  6  contain  lower  percentages  (0  to
13.8 %),  whereas  intervals 3  and  5  are  characterized  by  a
higher  amount  (1.9  to  29.3 %).  Umbilicosphaera  jafarii  in-
creases gradually in interval 2 from 1.9 % to 12.5 %. An ex-
tremely  significant  negative  correlation  could  be  observed
between U. jafarii and R. minuta (Table 9).

Sphenolithus heteromorphus

Sphenoliths are represented by Sphenolithus heteromor-

phus, S. milanetti and S. moriformis. The biostratigraphically
important species S. heteromorphus is scarce and varies from
0  to  3.58 %.  This  species  was  not  observed  in  the  interval
from 51.0 to 59.02 m. Figure 3f illustrates the abundance pat-
tern of S. heteromorphus and S. moriformis in the core. Both
species  demonstrate  similar  changes  in  their  abundances.  In-
tervals 1, 4 and 6 contain lower concentrations of sphenoliths,
which vary from 0 to 1.3 % (Table 5). Percentages of S. hetero-
morphus and S. moriformis increased in the interval 6 from  8

450

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER

Fig. 2.

451

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON FROM BADEN-SOOSS SECTION (AUSTRIA)

Fig. 2. 1—2 – Cryptococcolithus mediaperforatus (Varol, 1991) de Kaenel & Villa, 1996. Sample 54.00—54.02 m. 3 – Hayella challengeri
(Müller, 1974) Theodoridis, 1984. Sample 39.20—39.22 m. 4 – Hughesius tasmaniae (Edwards & Perch-Nielsen, 1975) de Kaenel & Villa,
1996. Sample 39.20—39.22 m. 5, 6 – Umbilicosphaera jafarii Müller, 1974. Sample 39.20—39.22 m. 7 – Reticulofenestra minuta Roth, 1970.
Sample 99.00—99.02 m. 8, 16 – Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica (Gartner, 1967) Gartner, 1969. Sample 99.00—99.02 m. 9, 10 – Spheno-
lithus heteromorphus Deflandre, 1953. Sample 39.20—39.22 m. 11 – Rhabdosphaera clavigera Murray & Blackman, 1898. Sample 36.00—
36.02 m. 12—14 – Rhabdosphaera sicca Stradner, 1963. Sample 78.00—78.02 m. 15 – Cyclicargolithus floridanus (Roth & Hay, 1967)
Bukry, 1971. Sample 36.00—36.02 m. 17 – Reticulofenestra gelida (Geitzenauer, 1972) Backman, 1978. Sample 99.00—99.02 m. 18, 19 – a
– Pontosphaera multipora (Kamptner, 1948) Roth, 1970; b – Cryptococcolithus mediaperforatus (Varol, 1991) de Kaenel & Villa, 1996.
Sample 78.00—78.02 m. 20, 21, 27, 28 – Coronocyclus nitescens (Kamptner, 1963) Bramlette & Wilcoxon, 1967. Sample 69.20—30.22 m.
22 – Micrantholithus flos Deflandre, 1950. Sample 99.00—99.02 m. 23 – Helicosphaera euphratis Haq, 1966. Sample 39.20—39.22 m.
24 – Micrantholithus sp. Sample 99.00—99.02 m. 25 – Helicosphaera walbersdorfensis Müller, 1974. Sample 99.00—99.02 m. 26 – Holo-
discolithus macroporus (Deflandre, 1954) Roth, 1970. Sample 60.00—60.02 m. 29, 30 – Discoaster kuepperi Stradner, 1959. Sample 99.00—
99.02 m. 31, 32 – Helicosphaera carteri (Wallich, 1877) Kamptner, 1954. Sample 99.00—99.02 m. 33, 34 – Coccolithus pelagicus (Wallich,
1871) Schiller, 1930. Sample 60.00—60.02 m. 35, 36 – Geminilithella rotula Kamptner, 1956. Sample 60.00—60.02 m. 37, 38 – Coccolithus
miopelagicus Bukry, 1971. Sample 60.00—60.02 m. 39—41 – Discoaster sanmiguelensis Bukry, 1981. Sample 60.00—60.02 m. 42 – Discoast-
er variabilis Martini & Bramlette, 1963. Sample 60.00—60.02 m. 43 – Discoaster exilis Martini & Bramlette, 1963. Sample 60.00—60.02 m.
44, 45 – Braarudosphaera bigelowii (Gran & Braarud, 1935) Deflandre 1947. Sample 39.20—39.22 m.

to  31.2 m.  Sphenolithus  heteromorphus  was  not  observed  in
interval 4.  Intervals 2  and  5  are  characterized  by  the  highest
percentages of sphenoliths with maximum values of 2.9 % in
interval  2  and  4.2 %  in  interval  5.  A  stepwise  decrease  from
1.6  to  0 %  was  noted  in  interval 3.  Maximal  abundances  of
sphenoliths can be correlated with highest values of magnetic
susceptibility, which is also expressed in the high positive cor-
relation (Table 9). Lower, but still significant correlations are
found between S. heteromorphus and R. haqii (positively cor-
related) and between S. heteromorphus and R. minuta (nega-
tively correlated; Table 9).

Helicoliths

In the Baden-Sooss core, Helicosphaera carteri and H.

walbersdorfensis  occur  regularly  but  in  low  percentages.
Helicosphaera carteri (Fig. 3h), a cosmopolitan species, oc-
curs in low percentages from 0 to 5.8 % (in sample 34.0 to
34.02 m). A slight enrichment of this species in three inter-
vals (from 72.00 to 77.02 m, 33.2 to 36.02 m and from 8 to
17.23 m)  is  remarkable.  Helicosphaera  walbersdorfensis,  a
small form, which decreases in abundance along the core is
used  to  define  the  Middle  Miocene  MNN5a/MNN5b  Sub-
zones  in  the  Mediterranean  region  (Fornaciari  et  al.  1996).
Samples  from  Baden-Sooss  contain  low  percentages  with
higher proportions in the lowermost part of the core showing
a  maximum  of  14.5 %  in  sample  100.80—100.83 m.  Heli-
cosphaera walbersdorfensis is replaced by H. carteri, which
shows  increasing  values  within  the  counted  50  helicoliths
(Fig. 3g) that can be correlated with higher magnetic suscep-
tibility. This replacement is also found in the significant neg-
ative  correlation  between  the  two  helicolith  species
(Table 9).

Reworking

Reworked specimens were counted through the borehole

Baden-Sooss  and  alphabetically  listed  in  Table 2.  They  are
represented  by  the  Late  Cretaceous  taxa  Arkhangelskiella
cymbiformis,  A.  maastrichtiana,  Biscutum  ellipticum,  Broin-
sonia parka constricta, Watznaueria barnesae etc. Reworked

Paleogene to Early Miocene specimens are more common:
Chiasmolithus grandis, Discoaster kuepperi, D. lodoensis, D.
multiradiatus, Ericsonia formosa, Helicosphaera mediterra-
nea, Reticulofenestra bisecta, R. dictyoda, Sphenolithus radi-
ans, Toweius spp., Zygrhablithus bijugatus etc.

Different concentrations of reworked taxa allow us to dis-

tinguish  six  intervals  in  the  Baden-Sooss  core  (Fig. 3j,  Ta-
ble 6):  intervals 2,  4  and  6  with  higher  percentages  and
intervals 1,  3  and  5  with  lower  percentages.  The  intervals
can be positively correlated with magnetic susceptibility. Es-
pecially  higher  percentages  of  reworking  in  interval 6  and
the prominent peak in interval 5 (sample 22.00—22.03 m) in-
dicate higher tectonic activity.

Discoasterids

Discoasterids are well preserved, but they occur sporadi-

cally  in  very  low  percentages,  which  do  not  exceed  1.86 %
(Sample  10.00—10.03 m).  They  are  represented  by  Disco-
aster  adamanteus,  D.  deflandrei,  D.  exilis,  D.  formosus,  D.
musicus, D. sanmiguelensis, D. variabilis and Discoaster sp.

Multivariate analyses

Cluster analysis by Ward’s method differentiated 4 clus-

ters (Fig. 4). All characteristic species are present in Clus-
ter 1 demonstrating high indicator values (IV) from 15 to 32
(Table 10). The most significant species are Reticulofenestra
haqii (IV 32) and Helicosphaera walbersdorfensis (IV 30)
followed after a gap by R. minuta (IV 26). The central posi-
tion of Cluster 1 within the remaining classes is demonstrat-
ed by nMDS (Fig. 5), where samples belonging to Cluster 1
intermingle with Cluster 2, while the broad contact to Clus-
ter 4 and the narrow contact to Cluster 3 are contiguous.

Therefore, the separation of Cluster 2 from the former is arti-

ficial caused by the necessity of creating distinct classes in hier-
archical classification (Fig. 4). Nevertheless, the second cluster
differs from the former in two respects. First, a single species
(R. minuta) has as indicator values (IV 29) distinctly higher than
in other species; second, Sphenolithus heteromorphus is ex-
tremely rare. In nMDS, samples belonging to this cluster are lo-

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ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER

cated on the left side of the first axis and range in the sec-
ond axis from the centre to the lower part (Fig. 5).

All species again are present in Cluster 3, but with

other  species  possessing  high  indicator  values  (Ta-
ble 10).  Coccolithus  pelagicus  (IV 36)  is  accompanied
by H. carteri (IV 33), thus both are separated from the
remaining  species  that  possess  IV’s  less  than  25.  But
the most significant components are ‘reworked species’
with  a  IV  of  38.  Samples  of  Cluster 3  are  located  in
nMDS in the centre of the first axis similar to Cluster 1,
but in contrast to the latter they are concentrated in the
upper part of the second axis (Fig. 5).

All species can be found in Cluster 4 (Fig. 4, Ta-

ble 10), with Umbilicosphaera jafarii as the main indica-
tor species (IV 43), accompanied by R. pseudoumbilica
(IV 32). While in nMDS samples belonging to Cluster 4
are positioned in the centre of the second axis, they dom-
inate the right part of the first axis (Fig. 5).

The sequence of clusters along the core is shown in

Fig. 6b, where intensities of changes in the floral com-
position  are  also  figured  (Fig. 6c).  The  first  interval
(Period 1) from 77 to 102 m is characterized by samples
alternating  between  Clusters 1  and  2.  It  can  be  parti-
tioned into three sections, where in the first section (Pe-
riod 1.1)  between  94  and  102 m  the  samples  behave
constantly and are located in nMDS in the intermingling
zone  between  Clusters 1  and  2  (Fig. 5).  The  following
Period 1.2  between  88  and  94 m  is  characterized  by
stronger  sample  oscillations  between  Clusters 1  and  2.
The  last  subinterval  (Period 1.3)  between  77  and  88 m
remains  more  or  less  constantly  with  a  dominance  of
samples belonging to Cluster 2. After a strong change at
77 m the next interval (Period 2) shows samples mainly
belonging to Cluster 3 (Fig. 6c). Period 2 is abruptly fin-
ished at 71 m.  Period 3 starts with strong sample alter-
ations  between  Clusters 2  and  4  in  the  first  3  meters,
afterwards  remaining  constant  until  61 m  with  samples
belonging  to  Cluster 4.  The  following  interval  between
41  and  61 m  (Period 4)  shows  a  differentiation  into  3
sub-intervals. Period 4.1 ranging from 54 to 61 m is dis-
tinguished by low oscillating samples belonging to Clus-
ter 2.  Strong  oscillations  within  Cluster 2  and  some
contact  to  Cluster 3  marks  samples  of  the  interval  be-
tween 48 and 54 m (Period 4.2). The last interval (Peri-
od 4.3) is characterized by a minor trend in samples from
Cluster 2 to Cluster 1. The strongest oscillations in nan-
noplankton compositions can be found in the interval be-
tween 34 and 41 m (Period 5), where samples belonging
to  Clusters 1,  3  and  4  alternate  intensively  (Fig. 5c).
Samples of the following Period 6 from 23 to 34 m be-
have  more  constantly  showing  a  slight  tendency  from
Clusters 3 and 2 to Cluster 1. This tendency is abruptly
interrupted  at  22 m  (the  single  sample  belongs  to  Clus-
ter 3) followed by Period 7, where all samples belong to
Cluster 2. This period again is abruptly finished at 14 m
(the single sample belongs to Cluster 4) and samples of
the  following  Period 8  (from  10  to  13 m)  are  members
of  Cluster 3.  The  last  2  samples  (8  and  9 m)  belong  to
Clusters 1 and 2.

Interval

Depth in m

(samples)

C. pelagicus

Mean

Median

8 to 22.00–22.03

3.6 to 9.7

7.12

6.37

22.00–22.03 to 37.20–37.22

1.3 to 16

8.09

7.47

37.20–37.22 to 48.00–48.02

0.8 to 9.6

4.62

3.58

48.00–48.02 to 78.00–78.02

0.9 to 12.3

5.54

5.03

78.00–78.02 to 98.00–98.02

0 to 5.4

3.12

3.27

98.00–98.02 to 101.80–101.82

2.7 to 14.8

5.40

4.26

Section

Depth in m

(samples)

Reticulofenestra

pseudoumbilica %

Mean

Median

3D 8 to 21.20

0 to 7.1

2.51

1.86

3C 21.20 to 34.00–34.02

0.3 to 2.3

1.14

0.97

34.00–34.02 to 48.00–48.02

0.9 to 7.8

4.57

3.92

3A 48.00–48.02 to 55.00–55.02

0.9 to 4.8

2.48

55.00–55.02 to 80.00–80.02

3.9 to 19.4

9.29

8.74

80.00–80.02 to 101.80–101.82

0.6 to 8.8

4.87

4.61

Interval

Depth in m

(samples)

Reticulofenestra

minuta %

Mean

Median

8 to 15.20–15.22

48.8 to 74.2

60.69

61.01

15.20–15.22 to 31.20–31.23

56.7 to 85.1

72.53

73.35

31.20–31.23 to 42.00–42.02

42.9 to 65.2

55.58

58.02

42.00–42.02 to 60.00–60.02

63.1 to 89

75.32

76.44

60.00–60.02 to 78.00–78.02

41.4 to 70.9

55.47

53.75

78.00–78.02 to 101.80–101.82

46.6 to 86.5

69.98

70.49

Interval

Depth in m

(samples)

Umbilicosphaera

jafarii %

Mean

Median

8 to 36.00–36.02

0 to 13.8

4.43 4.15

36.00–36.02 to 43.00–43.02

6.4 to 23.6

12.79 10.48

43.00–43.02 to 61.00–61.02

0 to 9.9

1.67

0.78

61.00–61.02 to 70.00–70.02

1.9 to 29.3

15.31 16.19

70.00–70.02 to 88.00–88.02

1.9 to 12.5

6.97 7.39

88.00–88.02 to 101.80–101.82

0 to 4.9

1.71 1.04

Interval

Depth in m

(samples)

Sphenolithus

heteromorphus +

S. moriformis %

Mean

Median

8 to 31.20–31.23

0 to 2.9

0.81

0.45

31.20–31.23 to 49.00–49.02

0 to 4.2

1.47

1.49

49.00–49.02 to 61.00–61.02

0 to 0.6

0.26

0.30

61.00–61.02 to 79.00–79.02

0 to 1.6

0.55

0.33

79.00–79.02 to 93.00–93.02

0 to 2.9

1.27

1.17

93.00–93.02 to 101.80–101.82

0 to 1.3

0.29

0.12

Interval

Depth in m

(samples)

Reworked

Mean

Median

8 to 15.20–15.22

0.3 to 17.8 10.6

13.77

15.20–15.22 to 28.00–28.02

0 to 19.6 3.55 2.5

28.00–28.02 to 48.00–48.02

0 to 8.4

2.65 1.76

48.00–48.02 to 81.00–81.02

0 to 2.5

1.07 0.95

81.00–81.02 to 94.00–94.02

0 to 4.04 1.44 1.5

94.00–94.02 to 101.80–101.82

0 to 0.9

0.38 0.33

Table 2: Subdivision of the borehole Baden-Sooss based on the abun-
dance pattern of Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica.

Table 1: Subdivision of the borehole Baden-Sooss based on the abun-
dance pattern of Coccolithus pelagicus.

Table 3: Subdivision of the borehole Baden-Sooss based on the abun-
dance pattern of Reticulofenestra minuta.

Table 4: Subdivision of the borehole Baden-Sooss based on the abun-
dance pattern of Umbilicosphaera jafarii.

Table 5: Subdivision of the borehole Baden-Sooss based on the abun-
dance patterns of S. heteromorphus and S. moriformis.

Table 6: Subdivision of the borehole Baden-Sooss based on the abun-
dance pattern of reworked specimens.

453

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON FROM BADEN-SOOSS SECTION (AUSTRIA)

Fig. 3. a—j – Distribution patterns of selected calcareous nannofossils in the Baden-Sooss core, plotted versus depth and their relation to
magnetic susceptibility.

Discussion

In a first step, the environmental behaviour of the promi-

nent species will be discussed. Among the nannoplankton,
Coccolithus pelagicus

is well known as an important paleo-

ecologic  marker.  This  species  as  an  r-strategist  is  abundant
in cold water (Okada & McInyre 1979; Winter et al. 1994).
A high amount of C. pelagicus indicates higher nutrient lev-
els  and  eutrophic  conditions.  This  species  occurs  at  water
temperatures  between  —1.5°  and  +15 °C,  with  the  highest

454

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER

Fig. 4. Dendrogram of sample clusters resulting from Ward’s method.

Fig. 5. Nonmetrical Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS) of samples and position of species in the axes system.

455

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON FROM BADEN-SOOSS SECTION (AUSTRIA)

Table 7: The distribution of autochthonous calcareous nannofossils in the borehole Baden-
Sooss, alphabetically arranged.

Species

Specimen

number

Number of

samples

Acanthoica cohenii (Jerkovic, 1971) Aubry, 1999

Braarudosphaera bigelowii (Gran & Braarud, 1935) Deflandre, 1947

Calcidiscus leptoporus (Murray & Blackman, 1898) Loeblich & Tappan, 1978

Calcidiscus premacintyrei Theodoridis, 1984

Calcidiscus tropicus Kamptner, 1956

Calciosolenia murrayi Gran, 1912

Coccolithus miopelagicus Bukry, 1971

Coccolithus pelagicus (Wallich, 1871) Schiller, 1930

1855

100

Coccolithus sp.

Coronocyclus nitescens (Kamptner, 1963) Bramlette & Wilcoxon, 1967

Coronosphaera mediterranea (Lohmann, 1902) Gaarder, 1977

202

Cryptococcolithus mediaperforatus (Varol, 1991) de Kaenel & Villa, 1996

Cyclicargolithus floridanus (Roth & Hay, 1967) Bukry, 1971

243

Discoaster adamanteus Bramlette & Wilcoxon, 1967

Discoaster deflandrei Bramlette & Riedel, 1954

Discoaster exilis Martini & Bramlette, 1963

Discoaster formosus Martini & Worsley, 1971

Discoaster musicus Stradner, 1959

Discoaster sanmiguelensis Bukry, 1981

Discoaster variabilis Martini & Bramlette, 1963

Discoaster sp.

Geminilithella rotula Kamptner, 1956

150

Hayella challengeri (Müller, 1974) Theodoridis, 1984

Helicosphaera carteri (Wallich, 1877) Kamptner, 1954

446

Helicosphaera euphratis Haq, 1966

Helicosphaera granulata (Bukry & Percival, 1971) Jafar & Martini, 1975

Helicosphaera minuta Müller, 1981

Helicosphaera vedderi Bukry, 1981

Helicosphaera walbersdorfensis Müller, 1974

625

Helicosphaera wallichi (Lohmann, 1902) Boudreaux & Hay, 1969

Helicosphaera sp.

Holodiscolithus macroporus (Deflandre, 1954) Roth, 1970

Ilselithina fusa Roth, 1970

Lithostromation perdurum Deflandre, 1942

Micrantholithus articulatus Bukry & Percival, 1971

Micrantholithus flos Deflandre, 1954

Micrantholithus vesper Deflandre, 1950

Perforocalcinella fusiformis Bona, 1964

Pontosphaera discopora Schiller, 1925

Pontosphaera multipora (Kamptner, 1948) Roth, 1970

Pyrocyclus orangensis (Bukry, 1971) Backman, 1980

Reticulofenestra gelida (Geitzenauer, 1972) Backman, 1978

279

Reticulofenestra haqii Backman, 1978

2596

102

Reticulofenestra minuta Roth, 1970

22467 102

Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus (Gartner, 1967) Gartner, 1969

1685

Reticulofenestra sp.

Rhabdosphaera clavigera Murray & Blackman, 1898

Rhabdosphaera pannonica Báldi-Beke, 1960

Rhabdosphaera procera Martini, 1969

Rhabdosphaera sicca Stradner, 1963

110

Rhabdosphaera sp.

Sphenolithus abies Deflandre, 1954

Sphenolithus heteromorphus Deflandre, 1953

140

Sphenolithus milanetti Olafsson & Rio

Sphenolithus moriformis (Brönnimann & Stradner, 1960)

Bramlette & Wilcoxon, 1967

129

Sphenolithus sp.

Syracosphaera pulchra Lohmann, 1902

Thoracosphaera heimii (Lohmann, 1919) Kamptner, 1941

Thoracosphaera saxea Stradner, 1961

Triquetrorhabdulus challengeri Perch-Nielsen, 1971

Triquetrorhabdulus milowii Bukry, 1971

Triquetrorhabdulus sp.

Umbilicosphaera jafarii Müller, 1974

1828

concentration  found  between  + 2°
and  + 12 °C.  Higher  percentages  of
C. pelagicus were documented in the
Lower  Miocene  (Karpatian,  Laa  Fm)
and the lowermost part of the Middle
Miocene  (clastic  sequence  of  the
Lower  Badenian)  from  the  borehole
Roggendorf-1  in  the  neighbouring
Molasse  Basin  (Ćorić  &  Rögl  2004).
Higher percentages of C. pelagicus in
nannoplankton  assemblages  during
intervals 1,  3  and  5  indicate  cooling,
whereas lower values in intervals 2, 4
and 6 point to slight warming during
these periods.

Haq (1980) concluded that small

reticulofenestrids  dominate  nanno-
plankton  assemblages  along  conti-
nental  margins.  They  were  used  for
the  paleoecological  interpretation  of
Lower/Middle  Miocene  sediments
from  the  borehole  Roggendorf-1  in
the Austrian Alpine-Carpathian Fore-
deep  (Molasse  Basin;  Ćorić  &  Rögl
2004).  Blooms  of  Reticulofenestra
minuta

in Badenian sediments were

interpreted as indicators of a warmer,
better-stratified water column in con-
trast  to  Karpatian  assemblages  with
dominance  of  C.  pelagicus.  High
numbers  of  small  reticulofenestrids
(Reticulofenestra  minuta)  were  also
documented by Tomanová Petrová &
Švábenická  (2006)  in  the  Carpathian
Foredeep, Moravia in the Lower Bad-
enian  strata.  Wade  &  Bown  (2006)
investigated the co-occurrence of dia-
toms  and  abundant  Reticulofenestra
minuta in extreme paleoenvironments
during the Messinian salinity crises in
the Polemi Basin (Cyprus). They con-
cluded  that  this  species  tolerates
brackish  to  hypersaline  environments.
Abundant  R.  minuta  in  low  diversity
assemblages  occurs  there  before  and
after  the  deposition  of  evaporates
(Wade & Bown 2006).

Umbilicosphaera jafarii

is wide-

spread  in  Badenian  sediments  from
the  Central  Paratethys.  The  paleo-
ecology  of  this  form  is  not  well
known  yet.  Wade  &  Bown  (2006)
found  that  U.  jafarii  flourishes  in
shallow  water  and  the  dominance  in
nannoplankton assemblages points to
hypersaline  paleoconditions.  Higher
percentages of U. jafarii in the inter-
vals 3  and  5  could  point  to  slightly
increased salinity.

456

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER

Species

Specimen

number

Number of

samples

Biantholithus sp.

1 1

Blackites sp.

2 1

Chiasmolithus grandis (Bramlette & Riedel, 1964) Radomski, 1968

3 2

Chiasmolithus sp.

3 3

Clausiococcus fenestratus (Deflandre & Fert, 1954) Prins, 1979

2 2

Cribrocentrum reticulatum (Gartner & Smith, 1967) Perch-Nielsen, 1971

1 1

Cruciplacolithus sp.

1 1

Discoaster barbardiensis Tan, 1927

2 2

Discoaster gemmeus Stradner, 1959

3 3

Discoaster kuepperi Stradner, 1959

17 12

Discoaster lodoensis Bramlette & Riedel, 1954

22 18

Discoaster mirus Deflandre, 1954

3 3

Discoaster multiradiatus Bramlette & Riedel, 1954

19 16

Discoaster tanii Bramlette & Riedel, 1954

1 1

Discoaster sp.

19 11

Ellipsolithus macellus (Bramlette & Sullivan, 1961) Sullivan, 1964

2 2

Ericsonia formosa (Kamptner, 1954) Haq, 1971

20 17

Ericsonia robusta (Bramlette & Sullivan, 1961) Edwards & Perch-Nielsen, 1975

2 2

Fascicullithus sp.

1 1

Helicosphaera lophota Bramlette & Sullivan, 1961

3 3

Helicosphaera mediterranea Müller, 1981

1 1

Neochiastozygus sp.

3 3

Pontosphaera duocava (Bramlette & Sullivan, 1961) Romein, 1979

1 1

Prinsius martinii (Perch-Nielsen, 1969) Haq, 1971

14 13

Reticulofenestra bisecta (Hay, 1966) Roth, 1970

6 6

Reticulofenestra dictyoda (Deflandre, 1954) Stradner, 1968

11 6

Sphenolithus conicus Bukry, 1971

1 1

Sphenolithus disbelemnos Fornaciari & Rio, 1996

2 2

Sphenolithus editus Perch-Nielsen, 1978

1 1

Sphenolithus furcatolithoides Locker, 1967

1 1

Sphenolithus radians Deflandre, 1952

23 18

Sphenolithus spiniger Bukry, 1971

2 2

Toweius sp.

234 53

Tribrachiatus orthostylus Shamarai, 1963

11 10

Zygrhablithus bijugatus (Deflandre, 1954) Deflandre, 1959

44 26

Table 8: a – The distribution of calcareous nannofossils reworked from the Paleogene/Early Neogene in the borehole Baden-Sooss, alpha-
betically arranged. b – The distribution of calcareous nannofossils reworked from the Cretaceous in the borehole Baden-Sooss, alphabeti-
cally arranged.

Species

Specimen

number

Number of

samples

Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis Vekshina, 1959

12 9

Arkhangelskiella maastrichtiana Burnett, 1998

2 2

Biscutum ellipticum (Górka, 1957) Grün, 1975

9 5

Broinsonia parca (Stradner, 1963) Bukry, 1969 ssp. constricta Hattner et al. 1980

4 4

Calculites obscurus (Deflandre, 1959) Prins & Sissingh, 1977

6 5

Ceratolithoides sesquipedalis Burnett, 1998

2 1

Cribrosphaerella ehrenbergii (Arkhangelsky, 1912) Deflandre, 1952

6 3

Cyclagelosphaera reinhardtii (Perch-Nielsen, 1968) Romein, 1977

5 5

Eiffellithus gorkae Reinhardt, 1965

13 12

Eiffellithus turriseiffelii (Deflandre, 1954) Reinhardt, 1965

3 3

Lucianorhabdus cayexii Deflandre, 1959

1 1

Microrhabdulus decoratus Deflandre, 1959

3 3

Micula decussata Vekshina, 1959

47 21

Placozygus fibuliformis (Reinhardt, 1964) Hoffmann, 1970

8 8

Prediscosphaera cretacea (Arkhangelsky, 1912) Gartner, 1968

33 16

Reinhardtites levis Prins & Sissingh, 1977

4 3

Retecapsa crenulata (Bramlette & Martini, 1964) Grün, 1975

4 4

Uniplanarius gothicus (Deflandre, 1959) Hattner & Wise, 1980

2 2

Watznaueria barnesae (Black, 1959) Perch-Nielsen, 1968

192 70

Watznaueria biporta Bukry, 1969

2 2

Watznaueria britannica (Stradner, 1963) Reinhardt, 1964

7 7

Watznaueria fossacincta (Black, 1971) Bown, 1989

12 10

Zeugrhabdotus diplogramus (Deflandre, 1954) Burnett, 1996

4 4

457

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON FROM BADEN-SOOSS SECTION (AUSTRIA)

Fig. 6. a – Sedimentary characteristic of the core. b – Cluster sequence along the core. c – Dissimilarities in community composition
between subsequent samples. d – Sequence of sample values in axis 1 of nMDS and fit by sinusoidal regression. e – Sequence of sample
values in axis 2 of nMDS and fit by sinusoidal regression.

The main and extremely significant negative correlation of

U. jafarii with R. minuta confirms the response of U. jafarii to
elevated salinity conditions in contrast to R. minuta, which
seems to be characteristic for slightly lowered salinities.

Perch-Nielsen (1985) concluded that sphenoliths occurred

in shallow environments. Generally they preferred warm wa-
ters. They were common in oligotrophic environments.

Helicoliths are common in shallow, near continental envi-

ronments  indicating  an  upwelling  regime  (Perch-Nielsen
1985). A slight enrichment of Helicosphaera carteri in three
intervals points to turbulent water during these periods. This
is  also  indicated  by  the  high  correlation  with  C.  pelagicus
and  the  ‘reworked  nannoplankton’  together  with  the  strong
negative correlation to R. minuta, because the latter indicates
quieter conditions (Table 9).

Discoasterids are directly related to water temperature. This

K-selected group is generally common in oligotrophic, warm
and deep oceanic water. Discoasterids characterize stable pa-
leoenvironments (Lohmann & Carlson 1981; Aubry 1992;
Young 1998). Thus the highest diversifications of discoast-

erids within thanatocoenoses usually correspond to a warmer
climate. Low percentages of these forms without abundance
oscillations point to a sedimentation milieu close to the coast.

According to these environmental demands of the nanno-

plankton dominating in the core, the obtained clusters can
now interpreted as follows:

Cluster 1: This cluster seems to characterize intermediate,

‘normal’ conditions of the environment in the Baden-Sooss
core, because all species can be found in this class, but with
different proportions. Beside R. minuta that is abundant in the
whole core, R. haqii and H. walbersdorfensis characterize this
cluster due to higher percentages. The rare S. heteromorphus
gets the highest indicator values within all classes (Table 10).
This cluster gradually merges with Cluster 2 as demonstrated
by nMDS (Fig. 5).

Cluster 2: The dominance of R. minuta and the virtually

complete disappearance of S. heteromorphus hints at a pale-
oenvironment slightly deviating from conditions found in
Cluster 1. According to the environmental demands of R.
minuta and the lowered percentages of the other species, this

458

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER

cluster may indicate a marginally lowered sa-
linity and slightly elevated temperatures.

Cluster 3: Lowered temperatures and high-

er  nutrient  levels  characterizing  a  shift  to
eutrophic  conditions  are  indicated  by  high
proportions of C. pelagicus (Table 10). There-
fore,  this  cluster  may  indicate  non-stratified
turbulent water masses.

Cluster 4: The main species in this cluster

is U. jafarii demonstrating the highest indica-
tor  values  within  all  species  (Table 10).  The
opposite role of U. jafarii to R. minuta is first
demonstrated by the highest negative correla-
tion  within  all  comparisons  between  species
(Table 9) and second by the opposite positions
within nMDS axis 1 (Fig. 5). This confirms the
interpretation of Wade & Bown (2006) that U.
jafarii  preferred  hypersaline  conditions,  and
so  Cluster 4  may  indicate  slightly  elevated  sa-
linity caused by well-stratified water masses.

According to the environmental interpreta-

tions of Cluster 1 to 4, their position within the
nMDS axis allows an interpretation of axes as
environmental gradients (Fig. 5). The position
of the characteristic species R. minuta at lower
values of Axis 2 and C. pelagicus at the higher
values allows an equalization of Axis 2 with a
decreasing  temperature  gradient,  where  the
range  of  this  gradient  does  not  seem  to  be
enormous.  Similar  to  this  interpretation,  the
positions of R. minuta and U. jafarii on oppo-
site sides of Axis 1 (Fig. 5) allows its equaliza-
tion  with  an  increasing  salinity  gradient.
Again,  the  range  in  salinity  should  be  within
euhaline conditions.

Values of the nMDS-axes can now be used

for  determining  trends  in  salinity  and  paleo-
temperature  along  the  core  (Fig. 5d  and  5e),
which  also  explains  the  changes  in  different
periods:

During Period 1 (77 to 102 m) a salinity in-

crease is coupled with rising temperatures that
peak in Subperiod 1.2. While during Subperi-
od 1.3 salinity continues to increase, tempera-
ture  slightly  decreases.  Salinity  still  increases
during Period 2 (71 to 77 m), but temperature
declines  to  a  local  minimum  in  the  tempera-
ture curve (Fig. 6) that is reached at the bound-
ary to the following interval. This minimum is
expressed  in  the  higher  proportion  of  C.  pe-
lagicus.  The  salinity  maximum  can  be  found
in  Period 3  (61  to  71 m),  while  temperature
starts to increase at the beginning of this peri-
od  (Fig. 6).  The  dominance  of  Cluster  4  with
U. jafarii is characteristic. Salinity is low dur-
ing Period 4 (41 to 61 m), where it reaches the
absolute minimum in the middle of this period
(Subperiod 4.2), starting to increase in the last
Subperiod 4.3  (Fig. 6).  Temperature  demon-

Table 9:

Correlation matrix between physical-chemical parameters and na

nnoplankton groups. Below the correlation coefficients the prob

ability of non-correlation is marked. Signifcant corre-

lations

bold

numbers.

magn

etic

sus

cepti

bility

Coccol

ithus

pelagicu

Reti

culof

est

pseu

doum

bilic

Reti

culof

est

minuta

Reti

cul

ofe

nest

ra haq

bilic

osph

aer

jafar

Sphe

nolit

hus

hete

rom

orp

hus

Hel

ico

sphaer

a carteri

Hel

ico

sph

aer

walber

sdor

fen

sis

rew

orke

–0

.226

2 0.

–0

.264

–0

.179

ith

0 0.

5 0.

3 0.

0 0.

1 –0

–0

.331

–0

3 –0

–0

Ret

icu

lof

a ps

lic

6 0.

4 0.

5 0.

–0

.264

–0

.331

–0

.471

–0

.715

–

257

–0

.358

–0

.046

–0

.359

eti

inuta

5 0.

0 0.

2 0.

8 –0

–0

.471

1 0.

–0

Ret

icu

lof

a h

aqi

5 0.

8 0.

4 –0

–0

.715

1 0.

0 0.

lic

4 0.

1 0.

0 0.

2 0.

–0

5 1

–0

nol

ithus he

phus

9 0.

7 0.

0 0.

5 0.

–0

.052

–0

.358

–0

.253

osph

aer

a car

ter

3 0.

9 0.

0 0.

2 0.

6 0.

5 –0

–0

.253

1 –0

eli

a wa

3 0.

5 0.

1 0.

2 0.

0 –0

–0

.172

–0

.359

4 0.

–0

3 0.

0 0.

2 0.

1 0.

0 0.

459

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON FROM BADEN-SOOSS SECTION (AUSTRIA)

strates the opposite trend by reaching a local maximum during
Subperiod 4.2.  Period 5  (34  to  41 m)  resembles  Period  3  in
having a salinity maximum at the beginning of the period, but
temperature behaves opposite to Period 3 in this period by be-
coming colder. The strong oscillations between clusters within
this period (Fig. 6c) could be affected by the loss of sedimen-
tation (and time) in the upper core part due to high tectonic ac-
tivity  (Hohenegger  et  al.  2008).  Salinity  decreases  at  the
beginning of Period 6 (23 to 34 m) and remains constant dur-
ing Periods 7 and 8 until the end of the core. This trend posi-
tively  deviates  at  14,  making  a  clear  boundary  between
Periods 7  and  8.  This  extreme  deviation  at  a  single  sample
could also be based on tectonics affecting a loss in sedimenta-
tion.  This  assumption  is  supported  by  high  dissimilarities  in
community composition both to the preceding and subsequent
sample (Fig. 6c). The temperature increases constantly during
Period 6, but is interrupted by a significant falling off at 22 m,
again caused by sedimentation loss, marking the border to the
following period. Salinity shows a local minimum during Pe-
riod 7  (15  to  21 m),  while  temperature  decreases  slightly
(Fig. 6).  Salinity  remains  constant  at  a  medium  level  during
Period 8  (10  to  13 m),  but  temperature  shows  a  local  mini-
mum  returning  to  ‘normal’  conditions  in  the  two  uppermost
core meters.

Conclusions

All investigated samples from the scientific borehole

Baden-Sooss contain common and well-preserved nanno-
plankton assemblages dominated by the genera Reticu-
lofenestra, Coccolithus and Umbilicosphaera.

Biostratigraphically, the borehole Baden-Sooss can be as-

signed to nannoplankton Zone NN5 (S. heteromorphus Zone
of Martini 1971), indicating an Early Badenian age. The low
concentration of H. walbersdorfensis allows correlation with
the MNN5a (S. heteromorphus—H. walbersdorfensis Interval
Subzone of Fornaciari et al. 1996).

The following calcareous nannoplankton species were

analysed  for  paleoecogical  interpretation:  C.  pelagicus,  dis-
coasterids,  helicoliths,  reticulofenestrids  (R.  minuta,  R.
pseudoumbilicus),  sphenoliths  (S.  heteromorphus,  S.  mori-
formis), U. jafarii, and the participation of reworked nanno-
plankton  from  older  strata.  Coccolithus  pelagicus  is
negatively  correlated  with  magnetic  susceptibility,  thus

Table 10: Indicator values of species for clusters obtained by Ward’s method based on standardized Euclidean Distances. Highest indicator
values in bold numbers.

higher  percentages  of  this  form  coincide  with  lower  values
of magnetic susceptibility and suggest lower water tempera-
ture.  On  the  other  hand,  lower  percentages  of  C.  pelagicus
can  be  correlated  with  peaks  of  magnetic  susceptibility.
These periods suggest warmer water due to the higher inso-
lation.  Periods  of  colder,  non-stratified  water  containing
higher  proportions  of  C.  pelagicus  are  concentrated  in  the
deeper  core  between  71  and  77 m,  when  it  was  replaced  in
the following period by stratified, higher salinity and warmer
water.  A  slight,  but  continual  temperature  decrease  starting
from  50 m  core-depth  upwards  results  in  an  abundance  in-
crease of C. pelagicus also signalizing an eutrophication trend.

Small reticulofenestrids, which occupy marine environ-

ments along continental margins, dominate the nannoplank-
ton assemblages in the core. Oscillations in abundances of
these species could signalize changes in temperature infer-
ring warmer, stratified water and lower salinity.

Sphenoliths can also be used as temperature indicators.

Therefore, higher percentages of S. heteromorphus and S.
moriformis coincide with increased magnetic susceptibility.

Umbilicosphaera jafarii is common in shallow environ-

ments; and the abundance peaks reflect a slight increase in
salinity. The transition from a community with abundant C.
pelagicus to U. jafarii needs a slight temperature increase,
thus these transitions are often found in the core. Transitions
from communities with abundant U. jafarii to communities,
where R. minuta dominates, are discontinuous needing larger
and abrupt environmental changes.

The higher erosion rate on the continent is documented by

high percentages of reworked calcareous nannoplankton.
This can be correlated with the intensified input of magnetic
particles as documented by magnetic susceptibility.

Low percentages of discoasterids point to a sedimentation

milieu close to the shoreline.

The low variation in nannofossil assemblages of the

Baden-Sooss  core  suggests  relatively  low  fluctuating  envi-
ronments during this part of the Lower Badenian. Changes in
the structure of nannoplankton assemblages occurred in peri-
ods that could be related to fluctuations in the Milankovich
astronomical  cycles.  In  the  upper  core  (8  to  40 m)  diminu-
tion  of  the  sediment  record  due  to  tectonics  is  pictured,  on
the  one  side,  in  higher  cluster  oscillations  between  34  and
40 m and, on the other, in the abrupt intercalation of samples
(at 22 m and 14 m) distinctly deviating from samples that are
homogeneous or continually changing within periods.

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

24 samples

43 samples

20 samples

15 samples

Coccolithus pelagicus

21 21 36

Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica

20 21 25 32

Reticulofenestra minuta

23 22

Reticulofenestra haqii

19 24 25

Umbilicosphaera jafarii

19 12 24 43

Sphenolithus heteromorphus

Helicosphaera carteri

15 17 33

Helicosphaera walbersdorfensis

18 25 19

reworked 20

460

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER

Acknowledgments: This study was financially supported by
the Austrian Science Foundation FWF Project P16793-B06.
Thanks  are  due  to  the  whole  group  working  in  the  above
project,  especially  to  Christian  Rupp  (Geological  Survey,
Wien), Peter Pervesler, Karl Stingl (Institute of Palaeontolo-
gy, Universität Wien), Fred Rögl (Natural History Museum,
Wien),  Anna  Selge,  Robert  Scholger  (Institute  of  Geophys-
ics, Montan Universität Leoben), Maksuda Khatun, Michael
Wagreich (Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology,
Universität  Wien)  and  Nils  Andersen  (Leibniz  Laboratory,
CAUniversity Kiel).

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Table 1: Autochthonous calcareous nannoplankton from the Baden-Sooss core. Part 1 from 6.

h (m)

Aca

nth

coh

eni

rud

osp

a b

igel

owii

lcidi

ptopo

lcidi

acint

yrei

lcidi

opi

cus

lcios

ccol

hus

mio

cus

ccol

hus

ela

cus

ccol

hus

Cor

onocyc

lus nites

ron

osp

era

edi

ter

ran

ccol

hus

iap

erfo

rat

Cycli

rgo

thu

s f

lor

anu

exi

ast

var

iab

ili

ini

rot

ula

9.18–9.20

10.0–10.03

11.2–11.22

12.0–12.02

13.25–13.27

14.0–14.02

15.2–15.22

16.0–16.02

17.2–17.23

18.0–18.02

19.2–19.23

20.0–20.04

21.2

22.0–22.03

23.2–23.22

24.0–24.04

25.2–25.22

26.0–26.02

27.18–27.22

28.0–28.02

29.2–29.23

30.0–30.02

31.2–31.23

32.0–32.02

33.2–33.22

34.0–34.02

35.2–35.22

36.0–36.02

37.2–37.22

38.0–38.02

39.2–39.22

40.0–40.02

41.0–41.02

42.0–42.02

43.0–43.02

44.0–44.02

45.0–45.02

46.0–46.02

47.0–47.02

48.0–48.02

49.0–49.02

x 2

x 6

x x 1 x

50.0–50.02

51.0–51.02

52.0–52.02

53.0–53.02

54.0–54.02

55.0–55.02

56.0–56.02

57.0–57.02

x 14

1 1 2

x x x

58.0–58.02

59.0–59.02

60.0–60.02

GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA, 59, 5 (2008); ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON;

ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENT, E1–E9

Table 1: Continued. Part 2 from 6.

h (m)

Aca

nth

coh

eni

rud

osp

a b

igel

owii

lcidi

ptopo

lcidi

acint

yrei

lcidi

opi

cus

lcios

ccol

hus

mio

cus

ccol

hus

ela

cus

ccol

hus

Cor

onocyc

lus nites

ron

osp

era

edi

ter

ran

ccol

hus

iap

erfo

rat

Cycli

rgo

thu

s f

lor

anu

exi

ast

var

iab

ili

ini

rot

ula

61.0–61.02

62.0–62.02

63.0–63.02

64.0–64.02

65.0–65.02

66.0–66.02

67.0–67.02

68.0–68.02

68.4–68.42

69.0–69.02

70.0–70.02

71.0–71.02

72.0–72.02

73.0–73.02

74.0–74.02

75.0–75.02

76.0–76.02

77.0–77.02

78.0–78.02

79.0–79.02

80.0–80.02

81.0–81.02

82.0–82.02

83.0–83.02

84.0–84.02

84.8–84.82

85.0–85.02

86.0–86.02

87.0–87.02

88.0–88.02

89.0–89.02

90.0–90.02

91.0–91.02

92.0–92.02

93.0–93.02

94.0–94.02

95.0–95.02

96.0–96.03

97.0–97.02

98.0–98.02

99.0–99.02

100.0–100.02

100.4–100.42

100.6–100.62

100.8–100.83

101.0–101.02

101.2–101.22

101.6–101.62

101.8–101.82

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON; ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENT

Table 1: Continued. Part 3 from 6.

h (m)

ayella

chal

pha

era

eri

pha

era

eup

hra

pha

era

ran

ata

pha

era

inu

pha

era

vedd

lic

aer

a w

dor

pha

era

lli

pha

era

sp.

olo

dis

coli

thu

s m

acro

por

seli

thi

fus

tho

roma

erdu

rum

cran

oli

thu

s a

icu

lat

cran

lit

hus

cran

oli

thu

s vesper

erf

a fu

osp

a di

opo

osp

a ja

pon

ica

osp

a mu

ipo

Pyr

ocyclus

ora

sis

6(50)

9.18–9.20

8(26)

3(24)

10.0–10.03

5(28)

0(1)

6(20)

0(1)

11.2–11.22

14(22)

0(1)

6(25)

0(2)

12.0–12.02

6(34)

1(1)

5(15)

13.25–13.27

7(32)

0(1)

11(16)

14.0–14.02

14(45)

0(5)

15.2–15.22

11(40)

0(1)

1(6)

0(3)

16.0–16.02

9(40)

0(1)

1(9)

17.2–17.23

11(38)

6(11)

2(1)

18.0–18.02

7(40)

1(10)

19.2–19.23

5(44)

2(6)

20.0–20.04

3(48)

0(2)

21.2

2(15)

0(1)

10(33)

22.0–22.03

9(14)

1(2)

14(34)

23.2–23.22

1(12)

8(38)

24.0–24.04

3(15)

4(33)

0(2)

25.2–25.22

5(35)

3(15)

26.0–26.02

2(18)

12(32)

27.18–27.22

1(5)

0(1)

10(44)

28.0–28.02

2(24)

0(1)

3(4)

5(20)

29.2–29.23

8(31)

1(3)

1(16)

30.0–30.02

7(44)

0(6)

31.2–31.23

0(8)

0(3)

5(38)

32.0–32.02

2(16)

0(2)

1(4)

5(28)

33.2–33.22

13(49)

0(1)

34.0–34.02

21(47)

0(1)

1(2)

35.2–35.22

7(18)

2(2)

0(1)

8(29)

36.0–36.02

14(42)

2(8)

37.2–37.22

1(8)

0(1)

1(4)

0(1)

5(38)

38.0–38.02

5(32)

2(4)

3(14)

39.2–39.22

2(8)

0(2)

6(40)

40.0–40.02

0(7)

0(1)

3(8)

2(33)

0(1)

41.0–41.02

4(12)

1(5)

0(3)

4(30)

0(2)

42.0–42.02

1(19)

0(2)

1(2)

10(27)

43.0–43.02

0(14)

0(6)

3(30)

44.0–44.02

4(18)

2(2)

0(1)

4(29)

45.0–45.02

0(8)

1(5)

1(37)

46.0–46.02

3(35)

0(1)

0(5)

0(1)

47.0–47.02

3(7)

0(1)

0(2)

48.0–48.02

2(44)

3(6)

49.0–49.02

0(28)

0(4)

1(18)

50.0–50.02

3(46)

0(2)

51.0–51.02

0(44)

0(2)

1(1)

0(3)

52.0–52.02

5(49)

1(1)

53.0–53.02

1(44)

1(1)

2(5)

54.0–54.02

1(42)

1(8)

55.0–55.02

1(42)

2(2)

2(6)

56.0–56.02

3(47)

0(1)

2(2)

57.0–57.02

3(42)

0(8)

58.0–58.02

1(45)

0(2)

2(3)

59.0–59.02

0(47)

0(1)

1(2)

60.0–60.02 6(47)

0(2) 0(1) x x 1 x 2

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON; ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENT

Table 1: Continued. Part 4 from 6.

h (m)

ayella

chal

pha

era

eri

pha

era

eup

hra

pha

era

ran

ata

pha

era

inu

pha

era

vedd

lic

aer

a w

dor

pha

era

lli

pha

era

sp.

olo

dis

coli

thu

s m

acro

por

seli

thi

fus

tho

roma

erdu

rum

cran

oli

thu

s a

icu

lat

cran

lit

hus

cran

oli

thu

s vesper

erf

a fu

osp

a di

opo

osp

a ja

pon

ica

osp

a mu

ipo

Pyr

ocyclus

ora

sis

61.0–61.02

10(43)

0(1)

1(6)

62.0–62.02

5(36)

2(2)

4(12)

63.0–63.02

5(22)

1(4)

6(24)

64.0–64.02

3(22)

1(2)

5(26)

65.0–65.02

4(38)

3(2)

2(9)

0(1)

66.0–66.02

7(38)

1(1)

6(11)

67.0–67.02

5(34)

2(3)

2(13)

68.0–68.02

7(37)

0(1)

0(2)

1(10)

68.4–68.42

5(37)

0(1)

0(5)

4(7)

69.0–69.02

7(34)

2(6)

2(10)

70.0–70.02

3(43)

0(3)

0(4)

71.0–71.02

5(47)

4(3)

72.0–72.02

12(38)

0(1)

3(10)

73.0–73.02

14(28)

1(1)

0(2)

8(19)

74.0–74.02

1(23)

3(14)

6(12)

0(1)

75.0–75.02

10(19)

0(1)

12(30)

76.0–76.02

6(34)

8(16)

77.0–77.02

14(34)

0(1)

5(15)

78.0–78.02

2(23)

2(27)

79.0–79.02

2(13)

2(1)

7(36)

80.0–80.02

5(22)

9(28)

81.0–81.02

9(36)

0(1)

1(1)

1(11)

0(1)

82.0–82.02

6(21)

1(1)

6(28)

83.0–83.02

2(21)

0(2)

4(27)

84.0–84.02

6(33)

2(17)

84.8–84.82

4(24)

0(1)

4(25)

85.0–85.02

2(9)

0(2)

4(39)

86.0–86.02

4(13)

5(37)

87.0–87.02

1(11)

11(39)

88.0–88.02

1(17)

7(33)

89.0–89.02

1(11)

1(39)

90.0–90.02

0(1)

2(2)

14(47)

91.0–91.02

1(3)

2(1)

10(46)

92.0–92.02

3(8)

3(4)

0(2)

8(36)

93.0–93.02

0(6)

8(44)

94.0–94.02

4(6)

20(44)

95.0–95.02

11(50)

96.0–96.03

0(2)

0(3)

8(45)

97.0–97.02

1(26)

0(1)

7(23)

98.0–98.02

3(9)

1(2)

11(39)

99.0–99.02

3(7)

1(3)

16(40)

100.0–100.02

1(10)

15(40)

100.4–100.42

1(3)

1(2)

24(45)

100.6–100.62

1(1)

0(2)

16(47)

100.8–100.83

3(2)

4(2)

49(46)

101.0–101.02

0(3)

3(3)

25(44)

101.2–101.22

1(1)

0(2)

26(47)

101.6–101.62

2(5)

0(1)

11(44)

101.8–101.82

2(3)

0(2)

15(45)

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON; ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENT

Table 1. Continued. Part 5 from 6.

Depth (m)

etic

a ge

Ret

a ha

qii

Ret

a mi

Ret

a ps

eud

oum

bil

5–7

µm

Ret

a ps

eud

oum

bil

>7 µm

Ret

a sp

dos

pha

a cl

avig

era

dos

pha

a p

anno

dos

pha

a p

cer

dos

pha

a s

icca

dos

pha

a sp.

thu

s a

us he

ter

phu

thu

s m

ila

netti

thu

s mo

form

thu

s sp.

Syr

osp

a pu

Tho

rac

phae

a he

Tho

rac

phae

axe

iqu

etro

rha

bdu

lus

all

eng

iqu

etro

rha

bdu

lus

ilo

wii

iqu

etro

rha

bdu

lus

sph

aera

jaf

219

9.18–9.20

130

10.0–10.03

157

11.2–11.22

181

12.0–12.02

191

13.25–13.27

197

14.0–14.02 3 20

167

15.2–15.22

221

16.0–16.02

258

17.2–17.23

282

18.0–18.02

270

19.2–19.23

240

20.0–20.04

221

21.2

260

22.0–22.03

149

23.2–23.22

256

24.0–24.04

216

25.2–25.22

224

26.0–26.02

229

27.18–27.22

232

28.0–28.02

230

29.2–29.23

217

30.0–30.02

261

31.2–31.23

228

32.0–32.02

172

33.2–33.22

195

34.0–34.02

227

35.2–35.22

196

36.0–36.02

150

37.2–37.22

207

38.0–38.02

201

39.2–39.22

142

40.0–40.02

150

41.0–41.02

149

42.0–42.02

188

43.0–43.02

235

44.0–44.02

246

45.0–45.02

281

46.0–46.02

262

47.0–47.02

220

48.0–48.02

200

49.0–49.02

285

50.0–50.02

242

51.0–51.02

300

52.0–52.02

239

53.0–53.02

250

54.0–54.02

212

55.0–55.02

295

56.0–56.02

245

57.0–57.02

246

58.0–58.02

237

59.0–59.02

290

60.0–60.02

230

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON; ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENT

Table 1. Continued. Part 6 from 6.

h (m)

etic

a ge

Ret

a ha

qii

Ret

a mi

Ret

a ps

eud

oum

bil

5–7

µm

Ret

a ps

eud

oum

bil

>7 µm

Ret

a sp

dos

pha

a cl

avig

era

dos

pha

a p

anno

dos

pha

a p

cer

dos

pha

a s

icca

dos

pha

a sp.

thu

s a

us he

ter

phu

thu

s m

ila

netti

thu

s mo

form

thu

s sp.

Syr

osp

a pu

Tho

rac

phae

a he

Tho

rac

phae

axe

iqu

etro

rha

bdu

lus

all

eng

iqu

etro

rha

bdu

lus

ilo

wii

iqu

etro

rha

bdu

lus

sph

aera

jaf

61.0–61.02

184

62.0–62.02

179

63.0–63.02

172

64.0–64.02

169

65.0–65.02

173

66.0–66.02

140

67.0–67.02

154

68.0–68.02

171

68.4–68.42

221

69.0–69.02

252

70.0–70.02

161

71.0–71.02

185

72.0–72.02

182

73.0–73.02

158

74.0–74.02

161

75.0–75.02

182

76.0–76.02

216

77.0–77.02

177

78.0–78.02

229

79.0–79.02

184

80.0–80.02

265

81.0–81.02

221

82.0–82.02

229

83.0–83.02

223

84.0–84.02

269

84.8–84.82

240

85.0–85.02

205

86.0–86.02

190

87.0–87.02

180

88.0–88.02

190

89.0–89.02

295

90.0–90.02

235

91.0–91.02

288

92.0–92.02

205

93.0–93.02

225

94.0–94.02

167

95.0–95.02

256

96.0–96.03

296

97.0–97.02

235

98.0–98.02

292

99.0–99.02

365

100.0–100.02

253

100.4–100.42

395

100.6–100.62

210

100.8–100.83

157

101.0–101.02

275

101.2–101.22

328

101.6–101.62

197

101.8–101.82

203

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON; ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENT

Table 2: Reworked calcareous nannoplankton from the Baden-Sooss core. Part 1 from 3.

C r e t a c e o u s

P a l e o g e n e / L o w e r M i o c e n e

pth (m

)

rkhangelskie

lla cym

bifor

rkhangelskie

lla ma

trich

tian

iscutum elli

pticu

roinso

nia pa

rca con

strict

Calculite

s obscu

rus

Ceratoli

tho

ides sesq

pedali

Cribro

sph

aerella ehre

nbergi

Cyclagelos

phaer

a rei

nhar

dtii

iffellith

us gork

iffellith

us tur

risei

ffeli

Luciano

rha

bdus cayexii

icrorha

bdul

us decor

atus

Micula decussata

lacozygus fi

bul

ifor

Prediscosphaera cretacea

einhardt

ites levis

etecapsa crenula

Unip

lan

ariu

s got

hicus

atznaue

ria ba

rnesae

atznaue

ria bi

port

atznaue

ria bri

tan

nic

atznaue

ria fos

saci

Zeugrha

bdo

tus di

plo

amu

iantoli

thu

s sp.

lackites

sp.

Chiasm

oli

thu

s gran

Chiasm

oli

thu

s sp.

Clausiococcus fenes

atus

Cribrocen

tru

reticul

atum

Crucipl

acoli

thus

Disco

aster ba

rba

rdie

nsis

Disco

aster gem

eus

Disco

aster kueppe

Disco

aster lo

doens

Disco

aster mi

rus

Disco

aster mu

ltir

adi

Disco

aster ta

nii

Disco

aster

sp.

llipsol

ith

us macelu

ricsonia fo

rmo

ricsonia ro

bus

asciculith

sp.

Helicos

phaer

a lop

hot

Helicos

phaer

a medite

rranea

Neochiast

ozyg

sp.

ontosp

haera d

uocav

rinsius m

arti

nii

eticulofenes

tra bisec

eticulofenes

tra dicty

oda

Sphen

olit

hus con

icus

Sphen

olit

hus di

sbelem

nos

Sphen

olit

hus edi

tus

Sphen

olit

hus fu

rcato

lit

hoi

des

Sphen

olit

hus ra

dia

Sphen

olit

hus sp

ini

ger

Toweius

spp.

Tribrach

iat

us ort

hosty

lus

Zygrhab

lith

us bij

uga

9.18–9.20

10.0–10.03

11.2–11.22

19 2

12.0–12.02

12 1

13.25–13.27

19 1

14.0–14.02

15.2–15.22

16.0–16.02

17.2–17.23

18.0–18.02

19.2–19.23

20.0–20.04

21.2

22.0–22.03

23.2–23.22

24.0–24.04

25.2–25.22

26.0–26.02

27.18–27.22

28.0–28.02

29.2–29.23

30.0–30.02

31.2–31.23

32.0–32.02

33.2–33.22

34.0–34.02

35.2–35.22

36.0–36.02

37.2–37.22

38.0–38.02

39.2–39.22

40.0–40.02

41.0–41.02

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON; ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENT

Table 2: Continued. Part 2 from 3.

C r e t a c e o u s

P a l e o g e n e / L o w e r M i o c e n e

pth (m

)

rkhangelskie

lla cym

bifor

rkhangelskie

lla ma

trich

tian

iscutum elli

pticu

roinso

nia pa

rca con

strict

Calculite

s obscu

rus

Ceratoli

tho

ides sesq

pedali

Cribro

sph

aerella ehre

nbergi

Cyclagelos

phaer

a rei

nhar

dtii

iffellith

us gork

iffellith

us tur

risei

ffeli

Luciano

rha

bdus cayexii

icrorha

bdul

us decor

atus

Micula decussata

lacozygus fi

bul

ifor

Prediscosphaera cretacea

einhardt

ites levis

etecapsa crenula

Unip

lan

ariu

s got

hicus

atznaue

ria ba

rnesae

atznaue

ria bi

port

atznaue

ria bri

tan

nic

atznaue

ria fos

saci

Zeugrha

bdo

tus di

plo

amu

iantoli

thu

s sp.

lackites

sp.

Chiasm

oli

thu

s gran

Chiasm

oli

thu

s sp.

Clausiococcus fenes

atus

Cribrocen

tru

reticul

atum

Crucipl

acoli

thus

Disco

aster ba

rba

rdie

nsis

Disco

aster gem

eus

Disco

aster kueppe

Disco

aster lo

doens

Disco

aster mi

rus

Disco

aster mu

ltir

adi

Disco

aster ta

nii

Disco

aster

sp.

llipsol

ith

us macelu

ricsonia fo

rmo

ricsonia ro

bus

asciculith

sp.

Helicos

phaer

a lop

hot

Helicos

phaer

a medite

rranea

Neochiast

ozyg

sp.

ontosp

haera d

uocav

rinsius m

arti

nii

eticulofenes

tra bisec

eticulofenes

tra dicty

oda

Sphen

olit

hus con

icus

Sphen

olit

hus di

sbelem

nos

Sphen

olit

hus edi

tus

Sphen

olit

hus fu

rcato

lit

hoi

des

Sphen

olit

hus ra

dia

Sphen

olit

hus sp

ini

ger

Toweius

spp.

Tribrach

iat

us ort

hosty

lus

Zygrhab

lith

us bij

uga

42.0–42.02

43.0–43.02

44.0–44.02

45.0–45.02

46.0–46.02

47.0–47.02

48.0–48.02

49.0–49.02

50.0–50.02

51.0–51.02

52.0–52.02

53.0–53.02

54.0–54.02

55.0–55.02

56.0–56.02

57.0–57.02

58.0–58.02

59.0–59.02

60.0–60.02

61.0–61.02

62.0–62.02

63.0–63.02

64.0–64.02

65.0–65.02

66.0–66.02

67.0–67.02

68.0–68.02

68.4–68.42

69.0–69.02

70.0–70.02

71.0–71.02

72.0–72.02

73.0–73.02

74.0–74.02

75.0–75.02

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON; ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENT

Table 2: Continued. Part 3 from 3.

C r e t a c e o u s

P a l e o g e n e / L o w e r M i o c e n e

Depth (m)

khan

kiella

cymb

ifo

khan

kiella

icht

ian

utum

elli

icum

nso

a pa

cons

icta

lculi

s obs

Cera

tol

hoi

des

esqui

lis

ibr

osp

renb

ergi

Cyclag

elos

pha

era

ein

har

ell

ith

ell

ith

tur

seif

fel

ano

rha

bdu

s ca

yexi

cro

rhab

lus

ecor

atu

cula

ecus

sat

ygus

bul

orm

a cr

eta

cea

Rei

nha

tit

Ret

eca

psa

enu

lat

nip

lan

ius

thi

cus

nau

bar

sae

nau

bip

nau

ita

nnica

nau

ssa

nct

Zeug

rha

bdo

s di

ram

tol

hus

kit

ias

mol

ith

gra

ndis

ias

mol

ith

aus

ccus

ratu

ibr

ocentr

reti

cul

atu

ucipl

ith

bar

kue

ppe

ast

sis

ast

lti

dia

tus

nii

oli

thu

s m

acelus

soni

a f

orm

osa

soni

a r

obu

sta

asc

s sp

pha

era

loph

ota

pha

era

iter

ran

Neo

chi

toz

sph

ra d

uoc

tin

Ret

a bi

Ret

a di

ctyo

thu

s con

icus

thu

s d

isb

elem

nos

thu

s edi

thu

s f

toli

tho

thu

s r

adi

ans

thu

s s

pin

Towe

ius

spp

ibr

atu

s o

rth

tyl

Zygr

hab

thu

s b

iju

gatu

76.0–76.02

77.0–77.02

78.0–78.02

79.0–79.02

80.0–80.02

81.0–81.02

82.0–82.02

83.0–83.02

84.0–84.02

84.8–84.82

85.0–85.02

86.0–86.02

87.0–87.02

88.0–88.02

89.0–89.02

90.0–90.02

91.0–91.02

92.0–92.02

93.0–93.02

94.0–94.02

95.0–95.02

96.0–96.03

97.0–97.02

98.0–98.02

99.0–99.02

100.0–100.02

100.4–100.42

100.6–100.62

100.8–100.83

101.0–101.02

101.2–101.22

101.6–101.62

101.8–101.82

ĆORIĆ and HOHENEGGER: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON; ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENT