GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA, APRIL 2007, 58, 2, 153—167
www.geologicacarpathica.sk
Introduction
The Ruesticyrtiidae are stratigraphically important guide
fossils for the late Anisian to Norian time interval because
they evolved quickly during this time span. Previously, Ko-
zur & Mostler (1979, 1981) have erected three different
families: Ruesticyrtiidae Kozur et Mostler including four
genera (Ruesticyrtium Kozur et Mostler, Nevanellus Kozur
et Mostler, Pararuesticyrtium Kozur et Mock, Wuranella
Kozur et Mostler), Triassocampidae Kozur et Mostler in-
cluding seven genera (Triassocampe Dumitrica, Kozur et
Mostler,
Annulotriassocampe
Kozur,
Paratriassocampe
Kozur et Mostler, Pseudotriassocampe Kozur et Mostler,
Striatotriassocampe Kozur et Mostler, Praeyeharaia Ko-
zur, Yeharaia Nakaseko et Nishimura) and Xiphothecidae
Kozur et Mostler comprising two genera (Xiphotheca De
Wever, Senelella Tekin). Recently, De Wever et al. (2001)
suggested that Triassocampidae Kozur et Mostler and Xi-
phothecidae Kozur et Mostler are junior synonyms of the
Ruesticyrtiidae Kozur et Mostler as they have the same
cephalic structure. Within these genera, taxa belonging to
genus Xiphotheca De Wever first appear in the early Car-
nian, then they become dominant in the middle Carnian to
early Norian and disappear in the middle Norian (De Wever
et al. 1979; Tekin 1999; Tekin et al. 2002). It can be sug-
gested that, two closely related genera, Elbistanium n. gen.
and Senelella Tekin, probably evolved from Xiphotheca De
Wever in the middle Carnian and early Norian, respectively.
Within the circumstances of this study, we will present the
characteristics of taxa belonging to Elbistanium n. gen.
Previously, middle Carnian radiolarians have been exten-
sively studied mainly in Austria, Japan and Turkey. More
particularly, radiolarian fauna of middle Carnian age from
Ruesticyrtiidae (Radiolaria) from the middle Carnian (Late
Triassic) of Köseyahya Nappe (Elbistan, eastern Turkey)
UGUR KAGAN TEKIN
1
and YAVUZ BEDI
2
1
Hacettepe University, Department of Geological Engineering, 06532 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey; uktekin@hacettepe.edu.tr
2
General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Department of Geological Research, 06520 Balgat, Ankara, Turkey; y.bedi@mta.gov.tr
(Manuscript received March 3, 2006; accepted in revised form June 22, 2006)
Abstract: Ruesticyrtiidae (Radiolaria) are reported from the Köseyahya stratigraphic section in the Köseyahya Nappe
exposed near Elbistan town, western part of Eastern Taurides. The lowermost part of this section is composed of
alternating sandstone and marl; overlying beds are represented by alternating clayey/cherty limestone, marl and mud-
stone. Radiolaria from clayey/cherty limestone beds are very well-preserved, diverse and abundant. The overlying strata
in the section consist of ammonoid-bearing nodular limestones with tuff interlayers and subsequently “Hallstatt lime-
stones” with abundant ammonoids. A medium- to thick-bedded, clastic and chert free limestone sequence is situated at
the top of the section. A middle Carnian age is assigned to strata from the basal part of the Köseyahya stratigraphic section
based on characteristic radiolarian fauna and index form, Tetraporobrachia haeckeli. On the basis of abundant and
diverse specimens from the family Ruesticyrtiidae, a new genus, Elbistanium n. gen. and three new species are described:
Elbistanium gracilum n. gen., n. sp., E. productum n. gen., n. sp. and Xiphotheca munda n. sp. Furthermore, emendation
of Xiphotheca karpenissionensis De Wever is proposed.
Key words: Carnian, eastern Turkey, taxonomy, Radiolaria, Ruesticyrtiidae, Elbistanium n. gen.
the Göstling and Großreifling (Northern Calcareous Alps)
localities in Austria have been presented in a series of arti-
cles (Kozur & Mostler 1972, 1978, 1979, 1981; Lahm
1984). In Japan, the biostratigraphy of middle Carnian radi-
olarian faunas have mainly been submitted by Sato et al.
(1986), Yoshida (1986) and Sugiyama (1997). Faunas with
characteristic index taxa from this time interval have also
been encountered in two localities (Huglu Unit in Beysehir-
Hoyran Nappes, Central Taurides and Turunç Unit of the
Gülbahar Nappe in the Lycien Nappes, Western Taurides)
in Turkey (Tekin 1999; Tekin & Goncuoglu 2002).
Highly diverse and abundant representatives of Ruesti-
cyrtiidae of middle Carnian age were extracted from the
basal limestone beds of the Köseyahya Nappe outcrop-
ping near Elbistan town, eastern Turkey. In this study, new
taxa from Ruesticyrtiidae are proposed and the definition
of some previously described taxa are emended. Radiolar-
ian taxa from the other families are to be presented in fu-
ture articles.
Geological setting
The region of Elbistan town is situated in the western
part of the Eastern Taurides. It includes many allochtho-
nous sequences with different stratigraphical characteris-
tics (Fig. 1). The lowermost tectonic unit around Elbistan
town is “Binboga metamorfics” (Bedi et al. 2005; Fig. 1).
This allochthonous unit was first named by Yilmaz et al.
(1987) and is mainly composed of metaclastics and metac-
arbonates deposited from Late Devonian to Late Creta-
ceous time. Its equivalent in the Central Taurides is the
Kütahya-Bolkardag belt proposed by Ozcan et al. (1988).
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TEKIN and BEDI
Fig. 1. Geological map showing the distribution of rock units in the western part of the Eastern Taurides around Elbistan town (revised
and simplified after Senel 2002).
Fig. 2. Geological map of the Köseyahya stratigraphic section and its vicinity (simplified and revised after Bedi 2004).
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RUESTICYRTIIDAE (RADIOLARIA) FROM THE MIDDLE CARNIAN OF KÖSEYAHYA NAPPE (TURKEY)
In the study area, the “Gülbahar nappe” is overthrusted
on the Binboga metamorfics (Bedi et al. 2005). This nappe
style was first named and described as the “Gülbahar unit”
by Poisson (1977) in the Western Taurides and subse-
quently Senel et al. (1989) defined it as the “Gülbahar
nappe” in the same region. In the Western Taurides, it con-
sists mainly of cherty pelagic limestones, clastics and vol-
canics of Triassic age at the base and Jurassic-Early
Cretaceous pelagic cherty limestones, cherts and mud-
stones in overlying layers. The unit terminates in fly-
schoidal rock units with blocks of different sizes. A similar
tectonic unit was named the “Huglu unit of Bey ehir-Hoy-
ran nappes” by Brunn et al. (1971) and Monod (1977) in
the Central Taurides. Ozgul (1976, 1984) later suggested
the name “Huglu group of Bozkir unit” for this nappe in
the Central Taurides. The term “Gülbahar nappe” is adopt-
ed in this study as the lithological character of this unit in
the study area is very similar to the original definition of
the Gülbahar Nappe by Poisson (1977) and subsequently
by Senel et al. (1989).
Several nomenclatures for this nappe have been pro-
posed for the Eastern Taurides namely the “Binboga for-
mation” (Perincek & Kozlu 1981, 1984; Yilmaz et al.
1992, 1993), the “Sogucak formation” (Pehlivan et al.
1991). According to Yilmaz et al. (1992, 1993), the “Bin-
boga formation” (Perincek & Kozlu 1981, 1984) and the
“Andirin limestone” (Ayaslioglu 1970) of Middle Trias-
sic—Late Cretaceous age, of different lithology belong to
the same unit. A similar suggestion was also claimed by
Pehlivan et al. (1991). According to these authors, the
Sogucak Formation of Middle-Late Triassic age consti-
tutes the basal part of the Andirin limestone. However, a
recent study by Bedi et al. (2005) suggested that the Bin-
boga Formation (Perincek & Kozlu 1981, 1984; Yilmaz et
al. 1992, 1993) and the Andirin limestone (Ayaslioglu
1970) are two different nappes and respective equivalent
to the Gülbahar Nappe (Poisson 1977; Senel et al. 1989)
defined in the Western Taurides and the Köseyahya Nappe
(Bedi et al. 2005) described in the Eastern Taurides.
The Köseyahya Nappe proposed by Bedi et al. (2005)
tectonically overlies the Gülbahar Nappe around the El-
bistan region (Fig. 2). The “Domuzdag nappe” by Poisson
(1977); the “Boyalitepe group and the Gencek limestones
of the Bozkir unit” proposed by Ozgul (1976, 1984) in the
Central Taurides are partly equivalents of this nappe. In
the study area, the basal part of the Köseyahya Nappe in-
cludes clastic sediments overlain by radiolarian rich
clayey, cherty limestones, marl and mudstone alternation.
This part is overlain by ammonoid-bearing nodular lime-
stones with tuff interlayers and subsequently by “Hallstatt
limestones” with abundant ammonoids (Fig. 3). In the
higher upper part of the Köseyahya Nappe, middle Upper
Triassic—Lower Cretaceous neritic carbonates and calcitur-
bidites are observed. The upper part of this nappe is com-
posed of Upper Cretaceous pelagic cherty limestones
(Bedi et al. 2005). Köseyahya section was measured from
middle Carnian to Norian sequences from this nappe style
and middle Carnian radiolarian fauna were obtained from
clayey and cherty limestones. Detail of lithostratigraphic
properties of this section and characteristics of the middle
Carnian radiolarian fauna are going to be submitted in the
next chapters.
Ophiolitic rock units of Late Cretaceous age constitute
the uppermost structural units around the Elbistan region
(Bedi et al. 2005).
Fig. 3. The Köseyahya stratigraphic section and samples.
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TEKIN and BEDI
Lithostratigraphy of the Köseyahya stratigraphic
section
The studied area is located 22 km east of Elbistan town
(Fig. 1). The Köseyahya stratigraphic section is situated
on the southwest slope of the Burmakaya Hill (at L38 C2
quadrangle sheet, between 42.28.360 N/3.62.755 E and
42.28.484 N/3.62.872 E UTM coordinates; Fig. 2) which
is one kilometer away from Köseyahya village of Elbistan
town. In this area, slices of the Köseyahya Nappe are
thrusted over each other (Fig. 2). The section is approxi-
mately 118 meters thick with the basal part covered by
slope debris (Figs. 3 and 4A). The top of the section is dis-
turbed by a fault. The section is subdivided into the fol-
lowing eight units, from bottom to top:
Unit 1, Sandstone—marl alternation: The lowermost
part of the section is five meters thick, comprised of alter-
nating thin- to medium-bedded, green to yellowish-green
sandstone and marl. No samples were taken from this unit.
Unit 2, Clayey limestone—marl—mudstone alterna-
tion: This unit is seven meters thick, composed of medi-
um- to thick-bedded, grey to beige clayey limestone rich
in iron minerals and laminated green to yellowish-green
marl and mudstone alternation (Fig. 4B). The limestone
beds contain rich Bivalvia and Radiolaria faunas. Four
samples (04-ELB-1, 04-ELB-2, 04-ELB-3 and 04-ELB-4)
were taken from these limestone beds for radiolarian
analyses.
Unit 3, Clayey limestone with chert nodules—marl—
mudstone alternation: This is represented by an alternation
of iron rich, thin- to medium-bedded, grey to beige clayey
limestone with grey to beige chert nodules, green to yellow-
ish-green laminated marl and mudstone (Fig. 5A). The lime-
stone beds contain very abundant Radiolaria and Bivalvia.
Total thickness of this unit is 2.3 meters; sample 04-ELB-5
was obtained from this unit.
Unit 4, Clastic free limestone with chert bands and
nodules: This unit includes iron rich, thin- to medium-
bedded, grey to beige limestone with grey, beige and
black chert bands and nodules (Fig. 5B). The total thick-
ness of this unit is 1.2 meters. Chert bands and nodules
are beige and grey at the base of this unit, but are black
Fig. 4. A – Location of the Köseyahya stratigraphic section and its vicinity. Abbreviations: K.N. – The Köseyahya Nappe, S.D. – Slope
debris, K.S. – The Köseyahya stratigraphic section. B – Detailed photograph of the alternation of iron rich, clayey limestone, marl and
mudstone in unit two.
Fig. 5. A – Clayey limestone with chert nodules from unit three, arrow indicates position of chert nodule. B – View of chert nodule
and chert band in unit four.
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RUESTICYRTIIDAE (RADIOLARIA) FROM THE MIDDLE CARNIAN OF KÖSEYAHYA NAPPE (TURKEY)
towards the top (Fig. 5B). One sample (04-ELB-6) col-
lected from the limestone beds of this unit contained
only poorly preserved radiolarians.
Unit 5, Nodular limestone with tuff intercalation: It is
composed of 1.15 meters thick, chert free, rare ammonoids
bearing very thin- to thin-bedded, grey to beige, nodular
limestone with yellow to white tuff interbed. Three samples
were derived from this unit for radiolarian and ammonoid
analyses (06-MYB-9, 06-MYB-10, 06-MYB-10B) in addi-
tion to one sample (06-MYB-10A) from the tuff layer for ra-
diometric dating.
Unit 6, Nodular limestone, marl alternation with tuff
intercalation: The lower part of this unit includes red-
dish grey to red, thin- to medium-bedded, nodular lime-
stone with remains of indeterminable ammonoids and
red, very thin-bedded, laminated marl. As ammonoid ma-
terial is very badly-preserved, we obtained four samples
(06-MYB-11, 06-MYB-12, 06-MYB-13, 06-MYB-14)
from the lower part of this unit for radiolarian analyses.
At the central part of this unit, there is white tuff interbed
and one sample (06-MYB-15) was derived from this layer
for radiometric dating. The upper part of this unit is very
similar in lithologies to those observed from the basal
part of this unit, but limestone includes some chert nod-
ules at this part and sample 06-MYB-16 was taken from
this part for radiolarian analyses. Total thickness of this
unit is about 2.90 meters.
Unit 7, Hallstatt limestone: This unit is characterized
by total 4.60 meters thick, reddish grey to red, thin- to me-
dium-bedded, chert and clastic free limestone with abun-
dant ammonoids. Towards the upper part of this unit,
crinoids and bivalves (Halobia) become abundant. For
ammonoid, foraminiferal, conodont and bivalvia analyses,
a total of eight samples (from samples 06-MYB-17 to 06-
MYB-24) were derived from this unit.
Unit 8, Chert and clastic free limestone: Medium- to
thick-bedded, sometimes massive, grey to beige limestone
is the main characteristic of this unit. While the lower part
of this unit includes an accumulation of bivalves (Halobia),
the central to upper of it is very rich in bivalves (Mega-
lodont) and benthic foraminifers. Total thickness of this
unit is approximately 94 m.
Material and method
A well-preserved and abundant radiolarian fauna was ob-
tained from limestone samples 04-ELB-2, 04-ELB-3, 04-
ELB-4, and 04-ELB-5 in the Köseyahya section. Sample
04-ELB-1 has a sparse radiolarian fauna, but all speci-
mens are well-preserved (Fig. 6). Although, some speci-
mens (04-ELB-6, 06-MYB-9, 06-MYB-10, 06-MYB-11,
06-MYB-12, 06-MYB-13, 06-MYB-14, 06-MYB-16) con-
tain remains of Radiolaria, these are not well-preserved for
determinations (Fig. 3). All samples from the Köseyahya
section were processed with hydrochloric acid (10 %)
based on the method suggested by De Wever et al. (2001).
SEM photographs were taken at METU, Department of
Metalogeny Engineering, Ankara.
Systematic Paleontology
The following abbreviations are utilized for the measurements;
HT – Holotype, Min. – Minimum, Max. – Maximum and Av. –
Average. All holotypes and paratypes are kept at the collection of the
Paleontological Laboratory of Geological Engineering Department,
Hacettepe University, Ankara (Turkey).
Subclass: Radiolaria Müller, 1858
Suborder: Nasselariina Ehrenberg, 1875
Family: Ruesticyrtiidae Kozur et Mostler, 1979
1981 Triassocampidae Kozur et Mostler, pp. 97—98
1981 Xiphothecidae Kozur et Mostler, p. 113
T y p e g e n u s : Ruesticyrtium Kozur et Mostler, 1979.
Fig. 6. Occurrence chart of the middle Carnian radiolarians in the Köseyahya stratigraphic section.
158
TEKIN and BEDI
Genus: Elbistanium Tekin n. gen.
E t y m o l o g y : From the Elbistan town from eastern Tur-
key.
T y p e s p e c i e s : Elbistanium gracilum n. gen., n. sp.
D i a g n o s i s : Long, slender test with slight increase in
width in proximal part (until third/fifth post-abdominal
segments) followed by different segments shapes and ter-
minating with a short tube.
D e s c r i p t i o n : Test long to very long, slender and multi-
cyrtid. Cephalothorax hemispherical to dome-shaped with
rare pores at thorax without horns. Proximal part of test (ceph-
alothorax to third/fifth post-abdominal segment) increasing
in width gradually. Abdomen to third/fifth post-abdominal
segments hoop-shaped with elevated, polygonal (tetragonal
to hexagonal) pore frames with nodes at pore frame vertices.
Following part of the test having different segment shapes
(globular, subcylindrical to hoop-like), pore frames and pore
shapes. Test terminates with short and tapering tube.
R e m a r k s : Elbistanium n. gen. differs from Xiphothe-
ca
De Wever (in De Wever et al. 1979: p. 93) by having a
test gradually increasing in width till third/fifth post-ab-
dominal segment instead of test increasing in width till
first post-abdominal segment and hoop-like, narrower first
post-abdominal segment instead of very bulbous, globular
first post-abdominal segment. It can be differentiated from
Senelella Tekin (1999, p. 172) by possessing a not globu-
lar, hoop-like, less wider and shorter first and second post-
abdominal segments without spines.
I n c l u d e d t a x a : Elbistanium gracilum Tekin n. gen.,
n. sp., Elbistanium productum Tekin n. gen., n. sp., El-
bistanium sp. A.
Elbistanium gracilum Tekin n. gen., n. sp.
Fig. 7.1—8
E t y m o l o g y : Latin, gracilum: slender.
H o l o t y p e : Sample 04-ELB-2 (Fig. 7.1).
P a r a t y p e s : Seven specimens from samples 04-ELB-1,
04-ELB-2, 04-ELB-3, 04-ELB-4 and 04-ELB-5 (Fig. 7.2—8).
T y p e l o c a l i t y a n d h o r i z o n : Köseyahya strati-
graphic section, 1 km south of Köseyahya village, Elbistan
town, eastern Turkey; cherty limestones in Köseyahya
Nappe of middle Carnian (Late Triassic) age (see locality
description).
D i a g n o s i s : Slender test multicyrtid gradually increas-
ing in width until third/fourth post-abdominal segment.
Following four/five segments subcylindrical and last three
segments subspherical to hoop-shaped. Test terminated
with short, slightly tapering, porous tube. Aperture at the
end of tube small and subcircular.
D e s c r i p t i o n : Test slender, very long with eleven to
twelve post-abdominal segments. Cephalothorax hemi-
spherical to dome-shaped with rare circular pores on thorax
without spines. While collar stricture indistinct without
pores, lumbar stricture prominent and marked by a deep de-
pression. Abdomen to third or fourth post-abdominal seg-
ments hoop-shaped with slightly elevated, polygonal pore
frames and subcircular to subellipsoidal small pores. Fourth
or fifth post-abdominal segment subcylindrical to hemi-
spherical with similar pore frames as previous segments.
Test slightly increasing in width until fourth or fifth post-
abdominal segment. Next four segments slender, subcylin-
drical with scattered small, subcircular to subellipsoidal
pores and strictures between these segments shallow, gentle
and wide. Subsequent two segments subspherical to subcy-
lindrical with slightly elevated net-like pore frames and
small to medium-sized, subcircular pores. Last segment
hoop-shaped with similar pore frames than previous two
segments. Strictures between last three segments gentle,
shallow and wide. Tube at the end of the test short, slightly
tapering distally, circular to subcircular in axial section and
with slightly elevated pore frames and small, subcircular
pores. Aperture at terminate of tube small and subcircular.
M e a s u r e m e n t s : Based on eight specimens, only
three are complete (in µm):
R e m a r k s : Elbistanium gracilum n. gen., n. sp. differs
from Elbistanium productum n. gen., n. sp. by having a
slightly longer test but fewer segments, widest fourth or
fifth post-abdominal segment instead of widest third post-
abdominal segment, different shape of segments in medial
and distal parts instead of regular, globular segments in
these parts. It can be differentiated from Elbistanium sp. A
by possessing a longer test, widest fourth or fifth post-ab-
dominal segment instead of widest third post-abdominal
segment, prominent subcylindrical, subspherical to hoop-
shaped segments in medial and distal parts instead of sub-
cylindrical segments in medial and distal parts.
Elbistanium productum Tekin n. gen., n. sp.
Fig. 7.12—20
E t y m o l o g y : Latin, productum: lengthened, long.
H o l o t y p e : Sample 04-ELB-2 (Fig. 7.12).
P a r a t y p e s : Eight specimens from samples 04-ELB-2,
04-ELB-3, 04-ELB-4 and 04-ELB-5 (Fig. 7.13—20).
T y p e l o c a l i t y a n d h o r i z o n : Köseyahya strati-
graphic section, 1 km south of Köseyahya village, El-
bistan town, eastern Turkey; cherty limestones in
Köseyahya Nappe of middle Carnian (Late Triassic) age
(see locality description).
D i a g n o s i s : Test multicyrtid, very long, increase in
width until third post-abdominal segment. Second to last
post-abdominal segments uniform and globular in shape.
Test terminated with short, tapering tube. Aperture small
and subcircular.
D e s c r i p t i o n : Test very long, slender with twelve to
fourteen post-abdominal segments. Cephalothorax hemi-
spherical to dome-shaped without horns. While cephalis
mainly poreless, thorax with scattered, irregular and rare
pores. Collar stricture indistinct and poreless. Abdomen to
third post-abdominal segments hoop-shaped with highly
elevated, polygonal (tetragonal to hexagonal) pore frames
HT
Min.
Max.
Av.
Length of the test
753
680
753
705
Maximum width of the test
82
64
85
72
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RUESTICYRTIIDAE (RADIOLARIA) FROM THE MIDDLE CARNIAN OF KÖSEYAHYA NAPPE (TURKEY)
Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of the middle Carnian radiolarian fauna from the Köseyahya stratigraphic section. 1—8 – Elbistani-
um gracilum Tekin n. gen., n. sp.; 1 – Holotype, sample no. 04-ELB-2. Scale bar = 100 µm; 2—8 – Paratypes: 2 – Sample no. 04-ELB-5,
3 – Sample no. 04-ELB-1, 4 – Sample no. 04-ELB-2, 5 – Sample no. 04-ELB-1, 6 – Sample no. 04-ELB-3, 7 – Sample no. 04-ELB-4,
8 – Sample no. 04-ELB-5. Scale bar for all specimens = 100 µm. 9—11 – Elbistanium sp. A; 9 – Sample no. 04-ELB-4, 10 – Sample
no. 04-ELB-2, 11 – Sample no. 04-ELB-5. Scale bar for all specimens = 100 µm. 12—20 – Elbistanium productum Tekin n. gen., n. sp.;
12 – Holotype, sample no. 04-ELB-2; Scale bar = 100 µm. 13—20 – Paratypes: 13 – Sample no. 04-ELB-4, 14 – Sample no. 04-ELB-5,
15 – Sample no. 04-ELB-2, 16 – Sample no. 04-ELB-4, 17 – Sample no. 04-ELB-4, 18 – Sample no. 04-ELB-3, 19 – Sample no.
04-ELB-4, 20 – Sample no. 04-ELB-5; Scale bar for all specimens = 100 µm.
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TEKIN and BEDI
S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e : Late Triassic; middle Carnian.
O c c u r r e n c e : Köseyahya stratigraphic section, Kö-
seyahya village, Elbistan, Turkey.
Nevanellus
Kozur et Mostler, 1981
T y p e s p e c i e s : Nevanellus conicus Kozur et Mostler,
1981.
Nevanellus conicus Kozur et Mostler, 1981
Fig. 8.1—2
1981 Nevanellus conicus n. sp. Kozur et Mostler, p. 93, pl. 18, fig. 1
S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e : Late Triassic; middle Carnian.
O c c u r r e n c e : Göstling, Austria; limestone beds at the
basal part of the Köseyahya stratigraphic section, Kö-
seyahya Nappe, Elbistan, Turkey.
Pararuesticyrtium Kozur et Mock
in Kozur & Mostler, 1981
T y p e s p e c i e s : Pararuesticyrtium densiporatum Ko-
zur et Mock in Kozur & Mostler, 1981.
Pararuesticyrtium densiporatum
Kozur et Mock in Kozur & Mostler, 1981
Fig. 8.3
1981 Pararuesticyrtium densiporatum n. sp. Kozur et Mock in
Kozur & Mostler, p. 94, pl. 16, fig. 1
S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e : Late Triassic; early Carnian—
middle Carnian.
O c c u r r e n c e : Western Carpathians; limestone beds at
the basal part of the Köseyahya stratigraphic section, Kö-
seyahya Nappe, Elbistan, Turkey.
Pararuesticyrtium sp. aff. P. densiporatum
Kozur et Mock in Kozur & Mostler, 1981
Fig. 8.4
R e m a r k s : This specimen differs from the Pararuesti-
cyrtium densiporatum Kozur et Mock by having a shorter
test with fewer segments, wider medial part of test and ab-
sence of the triangular projections at the distal end.
S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e : Late Triassic; middle Carnian.
O c c u r r e n c e : Limestone beds at the basal part of the
Köseyahya stratigraphic section, Köseyahya Nappe, El-
bistan, Turkey.
Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs of the middle Carnian radiolarian fauna from Köseyahya stratigraphic section. 1—2 – Nevanellus coni-
cus Kozur et Mostler; 1 – Sample 04-ELB-2, 2 – Sample 04-ELB-2. Scale bar for two specimens = 130 µm. 3 – Pararuesticyrtium densi-
poratum Kozur et Mock; Sample 04-ELB-5; Scale bar = 110 µm. 4 – Pararuesticyrtium sp. aff. P. densiporatum Kozur et Mock; Sample 04-
ELB-3; Scale bar = 120 µm. 5 – Pararuesticyrtium rariporatum Kozur et Mostler; Sample 04-ELB-2; Scale bar = 90 µm. 6 –
Pararuesticyrtium sp. A; Sample 04-ELB-2; Scale bar = 150 µm. 7 – Pararuesticyrtium sp. B; Sample 04-ELB-2; Scale bar = 110 µm. 8 –
Ruesticyrtium goczani
Kozur et Mostler; Sample 04-ELB-5; Scale bar = 100 µm. 9—16 – Xiphotheca karpenissionensis De Wever; 9 –
Sample no. 04-ELB-4, 10 – Sample no. 04-ELB-4, 11 – Sample no. 04-ELB-3, 12 – Sample no. 04-ELB-2; Continued on the next page.
with nodes at pore frame vertices and small subcircular to
subelliptical pores. Test increasing in width until third
post-abdominal segment. Lumbar stricture and strictures
between first to third post-abdominal segments distinct
and marked by deep depressions without pores. Following
post-abdominal segments globular, spherical to subspheri-
cal, uniform, approximately in same width and length with
slightly elevated, net-like polygonal (mainly pentagonal
to hexagonal) pore frames and small, mainly subcircular
pores. Strictures between these segments prominent
marked by shallow but wide depressions. Tube (Fig. 7.16)
at the end of test tapering distally with scattered irregular
pores. Aperture small and subcircular.
M e a s u r e m e n t s : Based on ten specimens, only six
are complete (in µm):
R e m a r k s : Elbistanium productum n. gen., n. sp. dif-
fers from Elbistanium sp. A in this study in having globu-
lar, uniform segments in medial and distal parts instead of
slender, subcylindrical segments in medial and distal
parts. It has been compared to Elbistanium gracilum n.
gen., n. sp. under the latter species.
Elbistanium sp. A
Fig. 7.9—11
D e s c r i p t i o n : Test long with at least six post-abdomi-
nal segments. Cephalothorax hemispherical to dome-
shaped without horns. While cephalothorax mainly
poreless in one specimen (Fig. 7.9), in the other speci-
men (Fig. 7.10), it includes net-like polygonal pore
frames and small, circular pores. Collar stricture indis-
tinct and poreless. Abdomen to third post-abdominal
segments hoop-shaped, slightly increasing both in
width and height distally and with highly elevated, po-
lygonal (mainly hexagonal) pore frames and small, sub-
circular pores. Lumbar stricture and strictures between
first to third post-abdominal segments distinct and
mainly poreless. Last three post-abdominal segments
slender, subcylindrical, uniform with aligned, small, su-
belliptical pores, eight of them visible at one side of the
test. Stricture between third and fourth post-abdominal
segments very wide and shallow.
R e m a r k s : Elbistanium sp. A differs both from Elbista-
nium gracilum n. gen., n. sp. and Elbistanium productum
n. gen., n. sp. by having a shorter test and subcylindrical
segments in medial and distal parts.
HT
Min.
Max.
Av.
Length of the test
565
563
680
615
Maximum width of the test
65
55
88
75
161
RUESTICYRTIIDAE (RADIOLARIA) FROM THE MIDDLE CARNIAN OF KÖSEYAHYA NAPPE (TURKEY)
Fig. 8. Continued from the previous page.
13 – Sample no. 04-ELB-4, 14 – Sample no. 04-ELB-2, 15 – Sample no. 04-ELB-4, 16 –
Sample no. 04-ELB-2; Scale bar for all specimens = 150 µm. 17—19 – Xiphotheca longa Kozur et Mock; 17 – Sample no. 04-ELB-4, 18 –
Sample no. 04-ELB-4, 19 – Sample no. 04-ELB-2; Scale bar for all specimens = 150 µm. 20—26 – Xiphotheca munda Tekin n. sp.; 20 –
Holotype, Sample no. 04-ELB-2; Scale bar = 120 µm. 21—26 – Paratypes: 21 – Sample no. 04-ELB-5, 22 – Sample no. 04-ELB-2, 23 –
Sample no. 04- ELB-4, 24 – Sample no. 04-ELB-4, 25 – Sample no. 04-ELB-5, 26 – Sample no. 04-ELB-2; Scale bar for all specimens
= 120 µm. Some stratigraphically important middle Carnian radiolarian taxa from different families. 27 – Spinotriassocampe carnica Kozur
et Mostler; Sample no. 04-ELB-2; Scale bar = 118 µm. 28 – Tetraporobrachia haeckeli Kozur et Mostler; Sample no. 04-ELB-2; Scale
bar = 175 µm. 29 – Weverella tetrabrachiata Kozur et Mostler; Sample no. 04-ELB-2; Scale bar = 180 µm.
162
TEKIN and BEDI
Pararuesticyrtium rariporatum Kozur et Mostler, 1981
Fig. 8.5
1981 Pararuesticyrtium rariporatum n. sp. Kozur et Mostler,
pp. 94—95, pl. 16, fig. 2; pl. 17, fig. 2; pl. 18, fig. 3
S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e : Late Triassic; middle Carnian.
O c c u r r e n c e : Göstling, Austria; limestone beds at the
basal part of the Köseyahya stratigraphic section, Kö-
seyahya Nappe, Elbistan, Turkey.
Pararuesticyrtium sp. A
Fig. 8.6
B r i e f d e f i n i t i o n : Test long, slender, slightly in-
creasing in width distally with seven post-abdominal seg-
ments and wide skirt. Cephalis poreless, hemispherical
with long needle-like apical horn and moderately long lat-
eral spine. All strictures deep and narrow. Thorax to last
segment hoop-like, gradually increasing in width distally.
Post-abdominal segments with polygonal pore frames with
mainly subcircular and small pores. Skirt at the end of test
abruptly widened distally with same pore frames as post-
abdominal segment. Triangular projections and needle-
like spines present at the periphery of skirt.
R e m a r k s : This form differs from Pararuesticyrtium
densiporatum Kozur et Mostler by possessing a slender
test with more segments, longer horn and skirt with nee-
dle-like spines and triangular projections. It can be also
differentiated from Pararuesticyrtium sp. B by having a
longer, slender test with more and more slender segments,
prominent apical horn, well-developed, wider skirt with
triangular projections and needle-like spines.
S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e : Late Triassic; middle Carnian.
O c c u r r e n c e : Limestone beds at the basal part of the
Köseyahya stratigraphic section, Köseyahya Nappe, Elbistan,
Turkey.
Pararuesticyrtium sp. B
Fig. 8.7
B r i e f d e f i n i t i o n : Test with three post-abdominal
segment and short skirt at the end of test. Test increasing
in width distally. Cephalis small, poreless with small, nee-
dle-like lateral spine and probably rudimentary apical
horn. Thorax to last segment hoop-like with polygonal
pore frames and large, subcircular pores. Skirt short with
same pore frames as post-abdominal segments and short,
needle-like spines at the periphery.
R e m a r k s : This form differs from Pararuesticyrtium
rariporatum Kozur et Mostler by possessing a slightly
shorter test with fewer and wider segments, larger pores on
thorax to last post-abdominal segment and shorter skirt. It
is compared to Pararuesticyrtium sp. A under the latter
taxon.
R a n g e : Late Triassic; middle Carnian.
O c c u r r e n c e : Limestone beds at the basal part of the
Köseyahya stratigraphic section, Köseyahya Nappe, El-
bistan, Turkey.
Ruesticyrtium
Kozur et Mostler, 1979
T y p e s p e c i e s : Ruesticyrtium rieberi Kozur et Mos-
tler, 1979.
Ruesticyrtium goczani
Kozur et Mostler, 1981
Fig. 8.8
1981 Ruesticyrtium goczani n. sp. Kozur et Mostler, p. 95, pl. 17,
fig. 1; pl. 18, fig. 2
R a n g e : Late Triassic; middle Carnian.
O c c u r r e n c e : Göstling, Austria; limestone beds at the
basal part of the Köseyahya stratigraphic section, Kö-
seyahya Nappe, Elbistan, Turkey.
Genus: Xiphotheca De Wever in De Wever et al., 1979
T y p e
s p e c i e s : Xiphotheca karpenissionensis De
Wever in De Wever et al., 1979.
Xiphotheca karpenissionensis De Wever in
De Wever et al., 1979 emend. herein
Fig. 8.9—16
pars 1979 Xiphotheca karpenissionensis n. sp. De Wever in De
Wever, Sanflippo, Riedel & Gruber, p. 93, pl. 7, figs. 1,
2 non 3, 4, 5
pars 1982 Xiphotheca karpenissionensis De Wever – De Wever,
pp. 318—319, pl. 47, figs. 2, 3, 5 non 4
1995 Xiphotheca karpenissionensis De Wever – Halamic & Go-
rican, pl. 1, fig. 25
1999 Xiphotheca sp. cf. X. karpenissionensis De Wever –
Tekin, p. 174, pl. 42, fig. 12
2002 Xiphotheca karpenissionensis De Wever – Wang, Wang &
Pei, p. 331, pl. 2, figs. 20, ?21
2002 Xiphotheca karpenissionensis De Wever – Tekin, Gon-
cuo lu & Turhan, p. 132, figs. 5—11, 12
E m e n d e d d e f i n i t i o n : Test very long with presumably
ten to twelve (mainly eleven) post-abdominal segments.
Cephalothorax small, dome-shaped to hemispherical,
poreless without horns. Abdomen wider than cephalotho-
rax, disc-shaped to subtrapezoidal, mainly poreless locally
with small scattered pores. Collar stricture not prominent,
lumbar stricture distinct and marked by relatively deep and
narrow depression. First post-abdominal segment bulbous,
globular, mainly irregular, sometimes net-like, elevated, po-
lygonal (trigonal to hexagonal) pore frames with nodes at
pore frame vertices and small to medium-sized, circular to
subelliptical pores. Following segments decreasing in width
drastically after first post-abdominal segment. Second and
third post-abdominal segments subcylindrical to elongated
barrel-shaped. Following possibly five to six post-abdomi-
nal segments uniform, overall cylindrical in outline without
strictures. In some cases (Fig. 7.9,13), the fourth post-ab-
dominal segment resembles to second and third post-abdomi-
nal segments, subcylindrical to elongate barrel-shaped. From
second to eighth or ninth post-abdominal segments, test in-
cludes irregular, slightly elevated, polygonal pore frames
with very small nodes at pore frame vertices and small, sub-
163
RUESTICYRTIIDAE (RADIOLARIA) FROM THE MIDDLE CARNIAN OF KÖSEYAHYA NAPPE (TURKEY)
circular
to
subelliptical
pores.
Mainly
last
three
(Fig. 7.9,11,13,15), in some cases last two (Fig. 7.8,14,16) or
last (Fig. 7.12) segments/segment wider than the cylindrical
part, hoop-like with polygonal (mainly hexagonal) pore
frames with large, subcircular pores. Very short, rudimenta-
ry, slightly tapering tube present at the end of tube
(Fig. 7.10,12,15,16). Aperture very small and subcircular.
R e m a r k s : Abundant, very well-preserved and com-
plete specimens (more than thirty) of Xiphotheca karpe-
nissionensis De Wever were obtained from the Köseyahya
stratigraphic section. As the type material of this species
erected by De Wever et al. (1979) was not complete, a new
definition of this species was carried out by using this ma-
terial. New material clearly reveals that the fourth post-ab-
dominal segment of the form could be subcylindrical as
second and third post-abdominal segments. This part is
followed by long, overall cylindrical part possibly corre-
sponding to five/six segments. Distal part of test shows
variations; last three/two segments or only last segment
can be hoop-like and the tube at distal end is very short.
M e a s u r e m e n t s : Based on the twenty-six type speci-
mens (in µm):
S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e : Late Triassic; middle Car-
nian—late Carnian—?middle Norian.
O c c u r r e n c e :
Karpenission,
Greece;
northwestern
Croatia; Bozkir, Konya, Igdecik village, Central Sakarya
and Köseyahya stratigraphic section, Köseyahya village,
Elbistan, Turkey; ?Tibet, China.
Xiphotheca longa
Kozur et Mock in
Kozur & Mostler, 1981 emend. Tekin, 1999
Fig. 8.17—19
1979 Xiphotheca sp. – Pessagno, Finch & Abbott, pl. 5,
fig. 5
1981 Xiphotheca longa n. sp. Kozur et Mock in Kozur &
Mostler, pp. 113—114, pl. 41, fig. 2
1986 Xiphotheca karpenissionensis
De Wever
–
Sato, Mu-
rata & Yoshida, fig. 16.14
1989 Xiphotheca longa Kozur et Mock – Yeh, p. 71, pl. 8,
fig. 1
1992 Xiphotheca karpenissionensis
De Wever –
Otsuka,
Kajima & Hori, pl. 3, figs. 17—18
1992 Xiphotheca cf. longa Kozur et Mock – Otsuka, Ka-
jima & Hori, pl. 3, fig. 19
emend. 1999 Xiphotheca longa Kozur et Mock – Tekin, p. 174,
pl. 42, figs. 13—14
1999 Xiphotheca longa Kozur et Mock – Bragin & Kry-
lov, 567, figs. 13E—G
2002 Xiphotheca longa Kozur et Mock – Wang, Wang &
Pei, p. 331, pl. 2, figs. 20, ?21
2003 Xiphotheca longa Kozur et Mock – Tekin & Yurt-
sever, p. 158, pl. 2, fig. 14
2005 Xiphotheca longa Kozur et Mock – Bertinelli,
Chiari & Marcucci, figs. 4—19, 20
2005 Xiphotheca longa Kozur et Mock – Bertinelli, Ciar-
apica & Passeri, fig. 15—1
S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e : Late Triassic; middle Car-
nian—early middle Norian—?late middle Norian.
O c c u r r e n c e : Baja California, Mexico; Western Car-
pathians; Oman; East-Central Oregon, USA; Kyushu, Ja-
pan; Yaylakuzdere and Gökcam sections, Antalya and
Köseyahya stratigraphic section, Elbistan, Turkey; Tibet,
China; Central Apennines, Italy.
Xiphotheca munda Tekin n. sp.
Fig. 8.20—26
E t y m o l o g y : Latin, munda: clean, neat, elegant.
H o l o t y p e : Sample 04-ELB-2 (Fig. 8.20).
P a r a t y p e s : Six specimens from samples 04-ELB-2,
04-ELB-4 and 04-ELB-5 (Fig. 8.21—26).
T y p e l o c a l i t y a n d h o r i z o n : Köseyahya strati-
graphic section, 1 km south of Köseyahya village, El-
bistan town, eastern Turkey; cherty limestones in the
Köseyahya Nappe of middle Carnian (Late Triassic) age
(see locality description).
D i a g n o s i s : Test multicyrtid, increasing in width until
first post-abdominal segment. First post-abdominal seg-
ment bulbous and overall shape of the second post-ab-
dominal to last segment cylindrical. Distal end of the test
widened and aperture large.
D e s c r i p t i o n : Test moderately long with presumably
eight post-abdominal segments. Cephalis dome-shaped
and poreless without horns. Thorax and abdomen hoop-
shaped, gradually increasing in width distally. They have
irregular, elevated, polygonal (trigonal to hexagonal) pore
frames with small nodes at pore frame vertices and subcir-
cular to subelliptical pores in different size. Collar and
lumbar strictures indistinct and marked only by shallow
depressions with pores. First post-abdominal segment bul-
bous, subglobular with same pore frames as thorax and ab-
domen.
Second
to
possible
eight
post-abdominal
segments overall subcylindrical in outline. No stricture
visible between these segments but in some cases, row of
pores indicate the segment division (Fig. 8.26). These
post-abdominal segments include irregular, polygonal
(trigonal to hexagonal) pore frames with nodes at pore
frame vertices and subcircular to subelliptical pores in dif-
ferent size. Distal end of the test widened and brimmed.
Aperture large and subcircular.
M e a s u r e m e n t s : Based on seven type specimens, six
are complete (in µm):
R e m a r k s : Xiphotheca munda Tekin n. sp. differs from
Xiphotheca longa
Kozur et Mock by possessing a shorter
test, fewer segments, wider and longer proximal part
(cephalothorax to first post-abdominal segment), wider,
overall subcylindrical medial to distal parts (second to
eight post-abdominal segments) instead of globular, uni-
form segments in medial and distal part and wider aperture
at the end of the test.
Min.
Max.
Av.
Length of the test
470
716
627
Maximum width of the test
67
95
79
HT
Min.
Max.
Av.
Length of the test
461
400
472
443
Maximum width of the test
92
78
92
88
164
TEKIN and BEDI
Family: Planispinocyrtiidae Kozur et Mostler, 1981
Genus: Spinotriassocampe Kozur, 1984
T y p e s p e c i e s : Spinotriassocampe hungarica Kozur,
1984.
Spinotriassocampe carnica Kozur et Mostler, 1994
Fig. 8.27
1994 Spinotriassocampe carnica
n. sp.
Kozur
et
Mostler,
p. 105, pl. 26, fig. 7
non 1997 Spinotriassocampe carnica Kozur et Mostler Group – Sug-
iyama, p. 187, fig. 49—3 (?=S. longobardica Kozur et Mostler)
1999 Spinotriassocampe carnica Kozur et Mostler – Tekin,
p. 151, pl. 34, fig. 4
S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e : Late Triassic; middle Carnian.
O c c u r r e n c e : Sicily, Italy; Haciyunuslar stratigraphic
section, Bozkir, Konya, and Köseyahya stratigraphic sec-
tion, Elbistan, Turkey.
Suborder: Spumellariina Ehrenberg, 1838
Superfamily: Pyloniacea Haeckel, 1881 emend. Dumitrica
in De Wever et al., 2001
Family: Hagiastridae Riedel, 1967
Genus: Tetraporobrachia Kozur et Mostler, 1979
T y p e s p e c i e s : Tetraporobrachia haeckeli Kozur et
Mostler, 1979.
Tetraporobrachia haeckeli Kozur et Mostler, 1979
Fig. 8.28
1979 Tetraporobrachia haeckeli n. sp. Kozur et Mostler, p. 79,
pl. 4, fig. 6; pl. 5, fig. 1
1984 Tetraporobrachia haeckeli Kozur et Mostler – Lahm,
pp. 26—27, pl. 3, fig. 4
1999 Tetraporobrachia haeckeli Kozur et Mostler – Tekin,
p. 127, pl. 25, fig. 2
2002 Tetraporobrachia haeckeli Kozur et Mostler – Wang,
Wang & Pei, p. 330, pl.1, figs. 22—23
2005 Tetraporobrachia haeckeli Kozur et Mostler – Feng, Mali-
la, Wonganan, Chonglakmani, Helmcke, Ingavat-Helmcke
& Caidroit, p. 249, pl. 2, fig. 22
S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e : Late Triassic; middle Carnian.
O c c u r r e n c e : Göstling and Grossreifling, Austria; Ha-
ciyunuslar stratigraphic section, Bozkir, Konya and Kö-
seyahya stratigraphic section, Elbistan, Turkey; Tibet,
China; Northwest Thailand.
Suborder: Entactinaria Kozur et Mostler, 1982
?Family: Capnuchosphaeridae De Wever in De Wever et al.,
1979 emend. Pessagno in Pessagno et al., 1979 emend.
Blome, 1983
Genus: Weverella Kozur et Mostler, 1979
T y p e s p e c i e s : Weverella tetrabrachiata Kozur et
Mostler, 1979.
Weverella tetrabrachiata
Kozur et Mostler, 1979
Fig. 8.29
1979 Weverella tetrabrachiata n. sp. Kozur et Mostler, pp. 76—77,
pl. 14, fig. 8
1981 Weverella tetrabrachiata aspinosa Kozur et Mostler n. subsp.,
p. 77, pl. 63, fig. 3
1999 Weverella tetrabrachiata aspinosa Kozur et Mostler – Tekin,
p. 85, pl. 7, fig. 13
S t r a t i g r a p h i c r a n g e : Late Triassic; middle Carnian.
O c c u r r e n c e : Göstling and Grossreifling, Austria; Ha-
ciyunuslar stratigraphic section, Bozkir, Konya and Kö-
seyahya stratigraphic section, Elbistan, Turkey.
Radiolarian assemblage and biostratigraphy
As was explained in a previous chapter, the radiolarian
fauna from the basal part of the Köseyahya stratigraphic
section is very abundant and diverse in taxa belonging to
the Ruesticyrtiidae. Radiolarian taxa from the other fami-
lies are also very diverse. They include: Vinassaspongus
subsphaericus Kozur et Mostler, Zhamojdasphaera latispi-
nosa Kozur et Mostler, Capnuchosphaera deweveri Kozur et
Mostler, C. lea De Wever, C. triassica De Wever, Dumitricas-
phaera simplex Tekin, Divatella spinosa Kozur et Mostler,
Weverella tetrabrachiata Kozur et Mostler, Palaeosaturna-
lis hugluensis Tekin, Triassocrucella baloghi (Kozur et
Mostler), Spongostylus carnicus Kozur et Mostler, S. tortilis
Kozur et Mostler, Tetraporobrachia haeckeli Kozur et Mos-
tler, Hindeosphaera bispinosa Kozur et Mostler, Pseudosty-
losphaera hellenica (De Wever), Bulbocyrtium reticulatum
Kozur et Mostler, Deflandrecyrtium curvatum (Kozur et
Mostler), Nevanellus conicus Kozur et Mostler, Annulopoul-
pus reticulatus Kozur et Mostler, Picapora robusta Kozur et
Mostler, Pseudosaturniforma carnica Kozur et Mostler,
Spinotriassocampe carnica Kozur et Mostler.
Some taxa are stratigraphically important and were previ-
ously found only in middle Carnian strata of Austria and
Turkey. They includes: Dumitricasphaera simplex Tekin,
Divatella spinosa Kozur et Mostler, Weverella tetrabrachi-
ata Kozur et Mostler (Fig. 8.29), Palaeosaturnalis hugluen-
sis Tekin, Triassocrucella baloghi (Kozur et Mostler),
Tetraporobrachia haeckeli Kozur et Mostler (Fig. 8.28),
Nevanellus conicus Kozur et Mostler (Fig. 8.1—2), Picapo-
ra robusta Kozur et Mostler and Spinotriassocampe carni-
ca Kozur et Mostler (Fig. 8.27).
The radiolarian fauna from the basal part of the Ko-
seyahya stratigraphic section is well-correlated to the
“Tetraporobrachia haeckeli“ Radiolarian Zone suggested
by Kozur et Mostler (1994) for middle Carnian (Fig. 9). It
is also correlated with the Capnuchosphaera Lowest-oc-
currence Zone suggested by Sugiyama (1997) due to co-
occurrence of Capnuchosphaera deweveri Kozur et
Mostler, C. triassica De Wever, Annulotriassocampe bal-
dii Kozur etc. According to Sugiyama (1997), the charac-
teristic
fauna
of
overlying
Poulpus
carcharus
Lowest-occurrence Zone is represented by Poulpus car-
charus
Sugiyama,
Enoplocampe
yehae
Sugiyama,
165
RUESTICYRTIIDAE (RADIOLARIA) FROM THE MIDDLE CARNIAN OF KÖSEYAHYA NAPPE (TURKEY)
Japonocampe nova (Yao), Kahlerosphaera norica Kozur
et Mostler, Capnuchosphaera lea De Wever, C. theloides
De Wever, C. tricornis De Wever. Although fauna from the
basal part of the Koseyahya stratigraphic section does not
contain Poulpus carcharus Sugiyama, Enoplocampe ye-
hae
Sugiyama,
Japonocampe
nova
(Yao),
Kahle-
rosphaera norica Kozur et Mostler characterizing this
zone, some of the characteristic taxa such as Capnuchos-
phaera lea De Wever from this zone are present in the fau-
na. Based on this assemblage, radiolarian fauna from the
basal part of the Köseyahya stratigraphic section is also
partly correlated to the Poulpus carcharus Lowest-occur-
rence Zone.
The age of the obtained fauna could not be latest Car-
nian corresponding to Capnodoce-Trialatus Concurrent-
range Zone by Sugiyama (1997), as it does not have
Capnodoce and associated characteristic fauna of this
zone. The fauna from the basal part of the Köseyahya
stratigraphic section is also presumably correlated with
the Capnuchosphaera triassica Zone proposed by Sato et
al. (1986) and Capnuchosphaera Zone by Yoshida (1986)
(Fig. 9).
Sample (06-MYB-10B) derived from the strata over Ra-
diolaria-bearing samples (Fig. 3) in the section includes
characteristic ammonite taxa such as Tropites cf. subbulatus
(determined by Leopold Krystyn, Vienna, Austria) indicat-
ing middle late Carnian age. This evidence also confirms
the middle Carnian age for the underlying Radiolaria-bear-
ing strata. On the basis of the presence of the index form
and associated radiolarian fauna, the age of the basal part of
the Köseyahya stratigraphic section from the Köseyahya
Nappe is assigned to the middle Carnian.
Conclusions
On the basis of the radiolarian fauna obtained from Kö-
seyahya stratigraphic section from Köseyahya Nappe near
to Elbistan town, Eastern Taurides, a new genus of Ruesti-
cyrtiidae, Elbistanium Tekin n. gen., two new species of this
genus, (Elbistanium gracilum Tekin n. gen., n. sp. and El-
bistanium productum Tekin n. gen., n. sp.) are described. In
addition to this, Xiphotheca munda Tekin n. sp. is defined
as a new species. This material also allowed us to emend the
definitions of Xiphotheca karpenissionensis De Wever.
The radiolarian fauna from the basal part of this section
is very similar to the faunas previously obtained from Hu-
glu Unit in Beysehir-Hoyran Nappes, Central Taurides
and Turunç Unit of the Gülbahar Nappe in Lycien Nappes,
Western Taurides. In comparison to previously well-de-
fined middle Carnian radiolarian faunas from Austria, Ja-
pan and Turkey, it can be concluded that the age of
Fig. 9. Late Triassic radiolarian zonations and assemblages of Blome (1984), Sato et al. (1986), Yoshida (1986), Yeh (1990), Bragin
(1991), Carter (1993), Kozur et Mostler (1994) Sugiyama (1997) and Kozur (2003). Bracket indicates the stratigraphic position of ra-
diolarian fauna from the Köseyahya stratigraphic section within the Köseyahya Nappe.
166
TEKIN and BEDI
radiolarian fauna from the basal part of the Köseyahya
stratigraphic section is middle Carnian.
Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful to Metin
Beyazpirinç, Dogan Usta and Mustafa Kemal Özkan from
the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Explora-
tion (MTA) for their kind contributions in the field. The au-
thors gratefully acknowledge Spela Gorićan, Paleontoloski
Institut Ivana Rakovca, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Marta Bak, In-
stitute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Cra-
cow, Poland and Fabrice Cordey, Université Claude
Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France for their constructive
comments on the manuscript. The authors would like to
thank also to Leopold Krystyn, Vienna University, Vienna,
Austria for his ammonite determinations. The SEM photo-
graph took place at METU, Department Metalogeny Engi-
neering, Ankara, authors also acknowledge Cengiz Tan and
Metehan Erdogan for their help with this process.
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