GeolCarp_Vol50_No4_305

GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA, 50, 4, BRATISLAVA, AUGUST 1999

305312

SERPULID WORMS MERCIERELLA FAUVEL,

DURANDELLA DRAGASTAN AND CARPATHIELLA NOV. GEN.

FROM THE JURASSIC, CRETACEOUS AND PALEOGENE

OF THE WESTERN CARPATHIANS

MILAN MIÍK

, JÁN SOTÁK

and VÁCLAV ZIEGLER

Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic

Geological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava; Branch: Severná 5, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic

Faculty of Education, Charles University, M.D. Rettigové 4, Prague, Czech Republic

(Manuscript received December 3, 1998; accepted in revised form March 17, 1999)

Abstract: Rare worm tubes belonging to Mercierella Fauvel, Durandella Dragastan (formely attributed to Tintinnida)

and to a new genus named Carpathiella comprising two species were described from thin sections of Jurassic, Creta-

ceous and Paleogene marine limestones.

Key words: Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene, Western Carpathians, serpulid taxonomy, worm tubes.

Introduction

Upper Jurassic, Barremian-Aptian, Senonian and Paleocene

limestones of the shallow-water facies in outcrops and espe-

cially in pebbles proceeding from younger conglomerates

(Fig. 1) contain numerous tubes of serpulid worms. The gen-

era Mercierella, Durandella and Carpathiella nov.gen. occur

rarely and are always strongly dispersed in limestones from

which they cannot be extracted. As the identification of

worm tubes was predominantly based on loose specimens,

the study of the tube structure in thin sections will be neces-

sary in the future.

Systematic part

Family Serpulidae Burmeister 1837

Genus Mercierella Fauvel 1923

Mercierella (?) dacica Dragastan 1966

(Pl. I: Fig. 1)

1966 Mercierella (?) dacica Dragastan, 147149, figs. 13

1968 Mercierella (?) dacica Stilla, Dragastan & Dumitru, pl. V:

fig. 8

1981 Mercierella (?) dacica Miík & Sýkora, 28, pl. VI: fig. 1

1985 Ridgeia piscesae Jones, p. 117158

1987 Mercierella dacica Soták, 247, pl. XI: figs. 45

1991 Mercierella cf. dacica Miík, 15, pl. V: fig. 2

1992 Mercierella (?) dacica Radoièiæ, 182184, pl. I: figs. 46

1995 Mercierella (?) dacica Carras, 2627, pl. 27: fig. 4; pl. 28:

figs. 12

1998 Mercierella (?) dacica Carras & Georgala, p. 156

1998 Mercierella (?) dacica Schlagintweit & Ebli, p. 236

1999 Ridgeia piscesae Little et al., fig. 2AD

Description: The species was described from Upper Ju-

rassic limestones of Romania. According to the author the

tubes have an average diameter of 0.12 mm (max. 0.5 mm).

It possesses three collars at unequally spaced distances rang-

ing between 10°

and 70°, the most frequent angles are of

50°60°. Collar length is 0.080.38 mm. Our specimen (Pl.

I: Fig. 1) bears three collars, unequally spaced, with the an-

gle 60°; inner diameter (lumen) is 0.076 mm, smaller than

noted by Dragastan. It was found in Tithonian shallow-water

limestones with Tubiphytes morronensis.

Discussion: Stratigraphical span of Mercierella (?) daci-

ca is KimmeridgeanTithonianBerriasian. It was found up

to now on the territory of Romania, Slovakia, Czech Repub-

lic, Greece, Yugoslavia and Austria. The author of the genus

Mercierella Fauvel (1923) described it from brackish water

limestones and as a reef-forming organism. Small reefs (bio-

lithosores) of recent Mercierella were described from Tunis

Bay (Lucas 1959; Davaud et al. 1994). This ecological dif-

ference of Upper Jurassic alleged representatives of the ge-

Fig. 1. Situation of localities. M Mercierella (?) dacica, D

Durandella helentappani, CT Carpathiella triangulata, CP

Carpathiella perforata. Rectangle primary position, circle

pebbles in younger conglomerates.

306 MIÍK, SOTÁK and ZIEGLER

nus is another reason for the question-mark placed after the

generic name.

The same object was illustrated by Little et al. (1999: fig.

2D) from the Early Jurassic hydrothermal vent community in

Franciscan Complex and compared to the vestimentiferan

worm tubes found in the modern hydrothermal vents. At the

difference to Mercierella (?) dacica they are bigger, form

clusters and occur in deep water sediments.

Microfossils similar to Mercierella (?)

Pl. I: Figs. 212

Discussion: It is clear that from the random sections Mer-

cierella (?) dacica cannot be determined with certainty. Lon-

gitudinal sections in Pl. I: Figs. 6, 10 could really represent

the oral part of that species. The specimens in Pl. I: Figs. 23

probably belong to another species; they display two collars,

longer than those of M. (?) dacica and posses vertically os-

cillating diameters. The specimen in Pl. I: Fig. 11 is really a

new species designated by us Mercierella (?) sp. 1 with the

diameter 0.076 mm. It is remarkable for a double collar

branching from the same point. Dragastan (1966, p. 148)

wrote that the tubes have a bilamellar structure and the outer

layer shows fibres arranged radially on the inner wall. The

cross-section in the center of Pl. I: Fig. 9 shows that the non-

recrystallized tube had a structure formed by vertical fibres,

parallel with the tubes. It comes from the same rock speci-

men as the typical M. dacica (Fig. 1).

A circular continuous collar in the oblique sections like Pl.

I: Figs. 45, is expected to be broader, which is not the case.

The cross-section through the collar zone should show a dou-

ble ring illustrated by Dragastan (1966: fig. 2). It should be

stressed that we found no section with such a double ring and

none of the other authors have mentioned or illustrated it. It

is probable that some of the collars illustrated here (Pl. I:

Figs. 25, 79) might be whorls of fibres. That is clear from

the specimen in the Pl. I: Fig. 12, designated by us as Ae-

olisaccus cf. kotori Radoièiæ 1972, considered by the author

as incertae sedis; De Castro (1975) attributed it to Cy-

anoshizophyta. Our specimen differs from A. kotori by its

narrower tube, thinner wall and stratigraphical horizon (Up-

per Jurassic; the span of A. kotori is Albian to Paleocene).

The genus Aeolisaccus was described by Elliott (1958) and

characterized as a small tube open at both ends. Zaninetti

(1976) rearranged all so far known species of Aeolisaccus in

the foraminiferal genus Earlandia. It is, however, strange

that the supposed proloculum was never found and the single

case illustrated by Brönnimann et al. (1972: Pl. 3Fig. 1)

can be ascribed to a compactional deformation of the tube.

The differentiation of Earlandia (or Aeolisaccus) from the

specimens similar to Mercierella is mostly impossible in the

cross-sections. However, the first one has a larger time span

from Triassic to Cretaceous, while all the specimens illustrat-

ed on Pl. I as similar to Mercierella (?) come from the Upper

Jurassic limestones containing Tubiphytes morronensis and

occur rarely (mostly one specimen in a thin section). The in-

ner diameter of the specimens similar to M. dacica illustrated

in Pl. I oscillated between 0.040 and 0.090 mm with the aver-

age about 0.070 mm.

Genus Durandella Dragastan 1970

Durandella helentappani Dragastan 1970

(Pl. II: Figs. 12)

970 Durandella helentappani nov.gen. nov.spec. Dragastan,

937939, Pl. XL: Figs. 12

1994 Durandella sp. Miík et al., 257, 259, Pl. II: Figs. 24

Description: The tube consists of two distinct layers.

The inner layer is dark (microcrystalline calcite), outer one is

clear (white). The clear layer is thinning towards the lower

part of the tube; in the mouth it forms a club-shape collar in

longitudinal section. The dimensions: max. inner diameter

(lumen) is 0.70 mm, the width of the collar is 0.09 mm.

Remark: Dragastan (1970) ranged his new genus Duran-

della to Tintinnida according to the alleged similarity to the

recent genus Thythocorys Tappan & Loeblich 1968. Howev-

er, the object in his figure 2 clearly belongs to the worm

tubes. He compared the so-called perforated calcitic lamella

in the mouth to the oral diaphragma typical for some recent

Plate I: Mercierella (?) dacica and similar microfossils. Fig. 1

Mercierella (?) dacica Dragastan in the shallow-water Titho-

nian limestone with Tubiphytes. Pebble from the Upper Conia-

cian-Santonian conglomerates, Kysuca Succession, Pieniny

Klippen Belt. Loc. ilinská Lehota-c, thin section No. 7685,

magn. 136

; Fig. 2 Microfossil similar to Mercierella (?) in

the Upper Jurassic shallow-water limestone with Tubiphytes and

Mohlerina basiliensis. Pebble from the Senonian Valchov Con-

glomerate. Loc. Bzince-Rubaninské 13, Èachtické Karpaty Mts.,

thin section No. 23557, magn. 50

; Fig. 3 Similar form in the

Upper Jurassic limestone with Tubiphytes. As previous. Loc.

Bzince-Rubaninské 10, thin section No. 18142, magn. 20

; Fig.

4 Similar form in the Upper Jurassic limestone with Mohleri-

na basiliensis from the Silica Unit. Pebble from the Egerian con-

glomerates. Loc. Chvalová-II-27, thin section No. 11205, magn.

; Fig. 5 Similar form, locality as Fig. 1, thin section No.

23554, magn. 75

; Fig. 6 Mercierella (?) dacica Dragastan in

the Upper Jurassic limestone with Tubiphytes. Pebble from the

Senonian conglomerates, Kysuca Unit, Pieniny Klippen Belt.

Loc. Branè-Starý hrad-n, thin section No. 8704, magn. 43

; Fig.

7 Similar form in the Kimmeridgean-Lower Tithonian lime-

stone with microoncoids and Saccocoma. Pebble from the Pale-

ocene Proè Conglomerate of the Pieniny Klippen Belt. Loc. I-

novce-24, thin section No. 17148, magn. 95

; Fig. 8 Similar

form. Locality as Fig. 1, thin section No. 23550, magn. 50

; Fig.

9 Similar form in the Tithonian limestone with Tubiphytes.

Pebble from the Eocene Strihovce Conglomerate, Krynica Sub-

unit, Magura Flysch Belt. Loc. Matiaka 1-1, thin section No.

23547, magn. 75

; Fig. 10 Mercierella (?) dacica Dragastan,

as Fig. 1, thin section No. 23554, magn. 27

; Fig. 11 Mercier-

ella (?) sp. 1. Locality as Fig. 2, thin section No. 11499, magn.

; Fig. 12 Aeolisaccus cf. kotori Radoièiæ in the shallow-

water Upper Jurassic limestone with Mohlerina basiliensis. Lo-

cality as Fig. 2. Thin section No. 14566, magn. 95

▲

JURASSIC, CRETACEOUS AND PALEOGENE SERPULID WORMS 309

Plate II: Durandella helentappani and Carpathiella triangulata

nov.gen., nov.spec. Fig. 1 Durandella helentappani Dragastan,

in the upper part a longitudinal section, in the lower part a cross-

section of the tube fixed by the celullar structure, proving its anne-

lid nature. Lower Tithonian limestone with Parastomiosphaera

malmica, Czorsztyn Succession, Pieniny Klippen Belt. Loc. Quar-

ry Babiná near Bohunice, thin section No. 12693, magn. 40

; Fig.

2 Durandella helentappani Dragastan, cross-section in the col-

lar part. The same locality and thin section, magn. 40

; Fig. 3

Carpathiella nov.gen. triangulata nov.spec., holotype, in the Pal-

orbitolina-bearing Upper Barremian-Lower Aptian limestone (Ur-

gonian facies). Block in the Cenomanian conglomerates, Manín

Unit. Loc. W of Malé Hradisko near ilina, thin section No. 6149,

magn. 43

; Fig. 4 Carpathiella triangulata fixed on the alga

Pseudolithotamnium album. Barremian-Aptian limestone, pebble

from the Albian Ludrová Conglomerate, Krína Nappe. Loc.

Medzibrodie-10, Stráov Mts., thin section No. 12013, magn. 48

;

Fig. 5 Carpathiella triangulata, paratype, in the Upper Jurassic

Barmstein Limestone, Choè Nappe. Loc. ipkovský háj-13, Èach-

tické Karpaty Mts., thin section No. 23558, magn. 63

; Fig. 6

Carpathiella triangulata in the Kimmeridgean-Lower Tithonian

limestone with Saccocoma. Pebble from the Eocene Strihovce

Conglomerate, Krynica Subunit, Magura Flysch Zone. Loc.

Mièákovce-b, thin section No. 14702, magn. 80

; Fig. 7 Car-

pathiella triangulata in the Palorbitolina-bearing Upper Barremi-

an-Lower Aptian limestone with corals (Urgonian facies). Pebble

from the Senonian conglomerates, Klape Unit. Loc. Vrtier-XXI ,

thin section No. 9560, magn. 43

; Fig. 8 Carpathiella triangu-

lata in the Tithonian limestone with Tubiphytes. Pebble from the

Cenomanian conglomerates, Manín Unit. Loc. Súlov-ces-a, thin

section No. 10463, magn. 48

; Fig. 9 Carpathiella triangulata,

cross and longitudinal section, in the Palorbitolina-bearing Upper

Barremian-Lower Aptian limestone. Pebble from the Paleocene

Proè Conglomerate, Pieniny Klippen Belt. Loc. Proè-II-i, thin sec-

tion No. 16684, magn. 30

; Fig. 10 Carpathiella sp. in the Cen-

omanian limestone with Orbitolina concava. Pebble from Upper

Cenomanian-Turonian conglomerates, Klape Unit. Loc. Podváie-

II-9 , thin section No. 10931, magn. 30

Holotype: Specimen at the Pl. II: Fig. 3, thin section No.

6149. Coll. of the Department of Geology and Paleontology,

Faculty of Sciences, J.A. Comenius University, Bratislava,

Slovakia.

Paratype: Specimen on the Pl. II: Fig. 5, thin section No.

23550. Coll. as above.

Type horizon: Upper Barremian-Lower Aptian

Type locality: HolotypeMalé Hradisko Hill near

ilina, Slovakia, Urgonian Limestone, block in the Cenoma-

nian conglomerate, Manín Unit. Paratypeipkovský háj

near Krajné, Èachtické Karpaty Mts., Barmstein Limestone,

Upper Jurassic.

Derivation of name: Triangulata after irregularly tri-

angular cross-section.

Material: Eight sections of tubes from limestones of Up-

per Jurassic and Barremian-Aptian age.

Diagnosis: The tube consists of one layer, sometimes

with a thin dark micritized rim on its outer and rarely also in

its inner side. The calcite fibres in the tube are radially ar-

ranged. In the acute corner of the triangle a dark line (suture)

is present, it may rarely be replaced by a narrow canal (Pl. II:

Fig. 5). The longitudinal section of the tube is irregularly

curved with oscillating thickness (Pl. II: Fig. 9).

Description: The largest diameter of the tube oscillates

between 0.451.12 mm. The lumen is between 0.180.60

mm. The length cannot be measured.

Localities: Seven localities are cited in the caption of

Plate II. Other localities: Chvalová-II-16, Upper Jurassic,

pebble from Egerian conglomerates, Milovice-1, Upper Ju-

rassic, pebble from the Paleogene conglomerates.

Carpathiella perforata nov.spec.

(Pl. III: Figs. 13)

1964 Problematicum Garcia, Fig. 24, photo 40

1972 cf. Haliotus Samuel et al., Pl. CLXXIV: Fig. 2; Pl. CLXXV: Fig. 4

1995 worm tube Miík, Pl. III: Figs. 56

Holotype: Specimen on Pl. III: Fig. 1, thin section No.

14354. Coll. of the Department of Geology and Paleontolo-

gy, Faculty of Sciences, J.A. Comenius University, Bratisla-

va, Slovakia.

Paratype: Specimen on the Pl. III: Fig. 2, thin section

No. 3783. Coll. as above.

Type horizon: Senonian

Type locality: Lipovec near Jablonica, pebble of Senon-

ian limestone in the Karpatian Jablonica Conglomerate.

Derivation of name: After the circular voids within the

tube.

Material and localities: Three thin sections from three

localities Barremian-Aptian, Senonian and Paleocene. The

localities are cited in the caption of Pl. III: Fig. 13.

Diagnosis: Triangular shape but with rounded corners;

one to three circular voids in the tube wall are present in the

cross-section (three voids were present in the specimens il-

lustrated by Garcia (1964) and Samuel et al. (1972: Pl.

CLXXVfig. 4). Different structure of the corners also in

the case of lacking voids (concentric cracks Pl. III: Fig. 1,

Tintinnida. It may be noted that such a diaphragma is not

known in any fossil representative of the Tintinnida. The an-

nelid nature is clear in the lower specimen figured in our Pl.

II: Fig. 1, which has its tube fixed with serpulid cellular layer

to the substratum. The stratigraphic level of our specimen is

Tithonian, the same as that one illustrated by Dragastan

(1970).

Carpathiella nov.gen.

Type species: Carpathiella triangulata nov. spec.

Derivation of name: Carpathiella after the Car-

pathian Mts.

Diagnosis: Tubes relatively thick (mostly 0.130.18

mm). The tube is formed by one layer; the calcite fibres are

oriented radially in the cross-section. The cross-section tends

to a triangular shape.

Carpathiella triangulata nov.spec.

(Pl. II: Figs. 39)

1981 Worm tube (?) Miík & Sýkora, Pl. IX: Fig. 9

▲

JURASSIC, CRETACEOUS AND PALEOGENE SERPULID WORMS 311

Plate III: Carpathiella perforata nov.gen., nov.spec. and Carpa-

thiella sp. Fig. 1 Carpathiella perforata, holotype, in the Se-

nonian limestone. Pebble from the Karpatian Jablonica Conglom-

erate. Loc. Lipovec-ces-a, Malé Karpaty Mts., thin section No.

14354, magn. 48

; Fig. 2 Carpathiella perforata, paratype, in

the block of Paleocene Kambühel biohermal limestone. Loc. Stará

Turá near the church, thin section No. 3783, magn. 37

; Fig. 3

Carpathiella perforata partially silicified (quartzine fills in en-

larged void on the left) with calcitic spherulitic structure in the up-

per corner. Barremian-Aptian limestone with corals and rudist

fragments (Urgonian facies), pebble from the Cenomanian lime-

stones of the Manín Unit. Loc. Hradná-JRD-e, thin section No.

7120, magn. 26

, crossed polars; Fig. 4 Carpathiella sp. in the

Albian limestone with Orbitolina durandelgai. Pebble from the

Paleocene Proè Conglomerate, Pieniny Klippen Belt. Loc. Niné

Ladièkovce-4, thin section No. 16258, magn. 32

; Fig. 5 Car-

pathiella sp. in the Lower Berriasian limestone with Protopener-

oplis trochangulata. Loc. tramberk, thin section No. 20265,

magn. 30

; Fig. 6 Carpathiella sp. in the Barremian-Aptian

limestone with Sabaudia. Pebble from the Paleocene Proè Con-

glomerate. Loc. Beòatina-II-22, thin section No. 17186, magn.

; Fig. 7 Carpathiella sp. in the Palorbitolina-bearing Upper

Barremian-Lower Aptian limestone. Pebble from the Paleocene

Proè Conglomerate. Loc. Beòatina-II-40, thin section No. 16536,

magn. 30

; Fig. 8 Carpathiella sp. in the Barremian-Aptian

limestone. Pebble from the Senonian conglomerates, Klape Unit.

Loc. Ïurèovia-d, thin section No. 10014, magn. 60

; Fig. 9

Carpathiella sp. in the Palorbitolina-bearing Upper Barremian-

Lower Aptian limestone. Pebble from the Paleocene Proè Con-

glomerate, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Proè-II-d, thin section No.

16691, magn. 48

radial fibrous structure Pl. III: Fig. 3). It is possible that

the voids gradually evolve in the anterior part of the tube.

Description: The diameter of the tube was between 0.62

and 1.92 mm; the holotype0.91 mm and the width of the

wall0.18 mm.

Remark: Samuel et al. (1972: Pl. CLXXIVfig. 2 and

Pl. CLXXVfig. 4) designated our Carpathiella perforata

as cf. Haliotus. They have mistaken objects figured by Ma-

jewske (1969: Pl. 14 fig. 1) where the gastropod Haliotus

is accompanied by an annelid tube.

Carpathiella sp.

(Pl. II: Fig. 10; Pl. III: Figs. 49)

Thick one-layered very irregular tube with radially ar-

ranged calcite fibres. The mouth of the tube is club-shaped,

formed by spherolitic aggregate of thin fibres (white colour

on the Pl. III: Fig. 4). In some oblique sections thin pores

(channels) can be seen (Pl. III: Fig. 6). Numerous localities

of the Upper Jurassic and especially Barremian-Aptian lime-

stone (Urgonian facies).

Acknowledgements: The paper contributes to the research

projects VEGA No. 4076 financed by the Slovak Academy

of Sciences.

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